Philippine History: Early Expeditions, Cavite Mutiny, and the Cry of Revolution

A comprehensive vocabulary flashcard set reviewing primary and secondary historical accounts of early Spanish contact, the Cavite Mutiny, and the origins of the Philippine Revolution.

Antonio Pigafetta

Also known as Antonio Lambardo, he was an Italian chronicler who wrote 'Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo' and was one of the 18 survivors who returned to Spain aboard the Victoria.

Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo

The manuscript titled 'First Voyage Around the World' (1519–1522) written by Antonio Pigafetta, containing the most complete account of the Magellan expedition.

Victoria

The ship commanded during the Magellan expedition aboard which Antonio Pigafetta and 17 other survivors returned to Spain.

Rajah Kulambu

The Rajah of Limasawa who befriended Ferdinand Magellan upon arrival in Mazaua and participated in the first recorded blood compact.

Ecce Homo

A bust of Christ presented by Magellan, along with an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Santo Niño, as baptismal gifts and part of a strategic alliance with Rajah Kulambu.

First Mass in the Philippines

Religious celebration held on March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) at Mazaua, officially declared by the National Historical Commission to have taken place in Limasawa, Leyte.

Butuan Claim

A popular belief based on Catholic Church tradition in the Philippines asserting that the first mass was held on the island of Masao in Butuan, Agusan del Norte, where balanghai boats were excavated.

Cavite Mutiny

An uprising of around 200 native soldiers and laborers on January 20, 1872, against the abolition of their privileges under Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo.

Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera

A Filipino scholar and researcher who wrote the Filipino perspective on the 1872 Cavite Mutiny incident.

Fort San Felipe

The Spanish arsenal located in Cavite, Philippines, where military personnel staged the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872.

Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo

Spanish Governor General whose draconian policies prompted the Cavite Mutiny, and who magnified the event to implicate native clergy seeking secularization.

Jose Montero y Vidal

A prolific Spanish historian who documented the Cavite Mutiny, highlighting it as an attempt by Indios to overthrow Spanish rule.

Sergeant Lamadrid

The sergeant who led 200 men in attacking Spanish officers during the Cavite Mutiny.

Gomburza

The collective name for Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three prominent Filipino priests accused of treason and sedition and executed by garrote on February 17, 1872.

Garrote

A method of execution by strangulation, typically using an iron wire or cord.

Andres Bonifacio

Known as the Father of the Katipunan (KKK), who led the tearing of cedulas and the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.

KKK

Abbreviation for Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, the revolutionary organization founded to oppose Spanish colonial rule.

Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin

The event marking the start of the Philippine Revolution against Spain, involving the tearing of community tax certificates (cedulas) and the first armed clash, officially celebrated on August 23, 1896 in Pugad Lawin.

Cedula

A community tax certificate torn up by Katipuneros during the Cry to symbolize their revolt against Spanish authority.

Different Dates and Places of Cry

A table detailing historical accounts regarding the location and date of the Cry, including claims by L.T. Olegario Diaz, Teodoro Kalaw, Santiago Alvarez, Pio Valenzuela, Gregorio Zaide, and Teodoro Agoncillo.