History part 1

The Opium War (1840-1842)

Between Western powers and China.

Westerns smuggled opium into China to fix trade, China tried to ban it

China was forced to legalize opium, hand over hong kong and sign “unequal treaties”

Treaty Of Nanking

-Cession of Hong Kong

-five treaty ports

-extraterritoriality

-Artificially low customs duties

Extraterritoriality

legal principle where a nation or state applies its laws, exercises jurisdictions, or grants immunity outside of its own physical borders (ex- if British makes a crime in china, they cannot put you on trial)

Namamugi Incident 1862

Paased the lord on a horse, which they didn’t like so they killed a British, British went to Kagoshima and destroyed the city

Tonghak Rebellion 1894

Peasants revolt, the Koreans hate everyone, the King cant put down the rebellion so he asks the China army to come help, Japan also sends its army which kinda starts the Sino Japanese war

Mutsu Munemitsu 1844-1897

-Becomes foreign Minister in 1892 and takes over Japanese efforts at treaty revision

-Moves negotiations to London, away from Japanese press and public

-Successfully revises treaties in 1894— weeks before outbreak of Sino Japanese war

Uchida Yasuya 1865-1936

-Foreign Minster, 1918-1923

-Reacted lukewarmly to Wilsons 14 points

-But instructed Japanese representative in Paris to “go along with the prevailing opinion” at the peace conference

-Japanese representative to Paris to sign the Kellogg Briand Pact

Racial Equality Clause

For all to be equal, no racism, most said yes except for Britain because they thought they were above everyone else so they didn’t go with it (the principle of equality of nations and just treatment of their nationals)

The Washington Conference 1921-22

Japan, along with the US, Britain, France, and other Western powers, agree to naval disarmament and to respect Chinas territorial integrity

The SMR Rails 1906

-Acquired from Russian in 1905

-Semi private company

-In addition to rail lines, owned iron and coal mines, involved in agriculture as well

Kwantung Army

Protected the Railway and the Kwantung leased territory. Small in troop numbers nut had advanced weapons, including an airforce

Zhang Zuolin

Warlord over Manchuria brought stability to region, the Kwantung army assassinates him in 1928

Chaing Kai-Shek

Also a warlord, nationalist leader, unifies China

Pact of Paris, 1928

agreement where countries promised not to start wars to solve their problems

London Naval Conference, 1930

major world powers agreed to extend post-World War I naval arms limitations and signed the London Naval Treaty to regulate submarines, cruisers, and destroyers

Manchurian Incident, 1931-33

-Kwantung army blows up part of the SMR rail line

-Use as pretext to occupy all of Manchuria

-Set up puppets state called Manchukuo

Manchukuo

A puppet state (a government controlled by a foreign power) lasted till 1932-1945 during WW2