Dental Anatomy Final review

This syndrome with an extra chromosome presents with orofacial features that include a flat broad face with widely spaced eyes, a flat-bridged nose, oblique eyelid and tongue fissure, as well as various levels of intellectual disability.

Down syndrome

What is the prenatal organ that joins the pregnant female and developing embryo?

Placenta

What is another term for developmental disturbances that can be noted within the oral cavity?

Anomaly

A diagnostic prenatal procedure to detect chromosomal abnormalities is the

amniocentesis

The union of the ovum and sperm during embryologic development later forms the

zygote

By the end of the first week of embryologic development, the blastocyst stops traveling and undergoes

implantation

This syndrome can result if the pregnant female uses ethanol excessively during the embryonic period

Fetal alcohol syndrome

An example of failure of fusion of the neural tube resulting in developmental disturbances of the tissue overlying the spinal cord is

spina bifida

Which of the following is an orderly arrangement of the pairs of a person’s chromosomes?

Karyotype

The fertilized egg receives how many chromosomes from the male’s sperm?

One-half

The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc during prenatal development causing

bilateral symmetry

How many pairs of somites from the cuboidal segments of the mesoderm within the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?

38

Which of the following structures initially forms during the third week of prenatal development?

primitive streak

What exact cells are localized to the neural plate of the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?

Neuroectoderm

When does the blastocyst stop traveling ad undergo implantation during prenatal development?

First week

From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived during prenatal development?

Epiblast layer

During which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate?

Third week

The neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures during prenatal development?

Neural folds

The folding of the embryo during prenatal development causes___to be on the ___.

Endoderm; inside of the embryo

Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo during prenatal development?

Epidermis

This is an implanted blastocyst. Name the layer indicated in the bilaminar disk.

Hypoblast layer

This is an implanted blastocyst.

Which letter (A or B) indicates the amniotic sac?

A

Name the indicated paired area.

Somitomeres

What is the exact term for the process that affords the developmental of specific tissue structure of differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions?

Morphogenesis

What exact cells or structures develop from neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then joins mesoderm to form mesenchyme during the third week of prenatal development?

Neural crest cells

What best characterizes the first week of prenatal development so that the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells?

Mitotic cleavage

Found in early prenatal development, the neural tube will form which of the following structures?

Spinal cord

Name the landmark indicated by the red arrow.

Primitive streak

By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes

implantation

Failure of fusion of the maxillary process and what other structure can result in cleft lip?

Medial nasal process

During what week of prenatal development of the embryo does the face and associated tissue begin to form?

Fourth

How many embryonic layers are involved in facial development?

3

The embryonic structure of the stomodeum will become what future structure?

Oral cavity

Which structures of the embryo are initially located fishlike on each side of the frontonasal process?

Lens placodes

What embryonic structure forms pits that create the future internal ear?

Otic placodes

The olfactory epithelium is responsible for what sense within a patient?

Smell

What is the developing structure located on the anterior invagination on the ventral wall of the pharynx?

Thyroid gland

By adulthood, this structure is located within the chest and is responsible for maturing T-cell lymphocytes

Thymus

These large cysts often lie free in the neck and are associated with slowly enlarging and painless swelling on the side of the neck.

Cervical lymphoepithelial cysts

In which developmental phase would the palate contain the developing canines?

Secondary palate

What developmental disturbance is an example of the the least complicated cleft palate?

Cleft uvula

The tongue has completed fusion by the end of what week of development?

Eighth

What developing structure has considerable influence in determining the final overall orofacial form?

Nasal septum

What developing structure has considerable influence in determining the final overall orofacial form

Nasal septum

The palate is developed in how many consecutive stages?

3

Lateral lingual swellings are two oval enlargements develop on each side of the

tuberculum impar

The primary palate contains how many incisor teeth?

4

The type of developmental disturbance of the tongue is also referred to as “tongue-tied.”

Ankyloglossia

The tongue has usually reached its maximum size by

puberty

The body of the tongue remains free from the floor of the mouth, except for the attachment of the

midline lingual frenum

The____ are rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs.

placodes

During the sixth week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period, the bilateral maxillary process gives rise to paired

palatal shelves

When the tongue deepns the copula of the tongue base merges with the anterior swellings of the first pharyngeal arch of the tongue body, with the fusion superficially demarcated by the

sulcus terminalis

Each paired processes fuse to form the intermaxillary segment internally within the embryo during prenatal development

medial nasal processes

As the tongue develops, the copula of the tongue base merges with the anterior swellings of the first pharyngeal arch of the tongue body, with the fusion superficially demarcated by the

sulcus terminalis

Which paired processes fuse to form the intermaxillary segment internally within the embryo prenatal development

medial nasal processes

The ____ is a superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the two lateral lingual swellings during tongue development, as well as that of a deeper fibrous structure

median lingual sulcus

The facial development that starts in the fourth week will be completed later in the ___ week within the fetal period.

twelfth

Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch during fusion during prenatal development?

Lower face

From what is the nasal cavity derived from during prenatal development?

Nasal pits

The tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from the

first four pharyngeal or branchial arches

The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch on each side to create the

labial commissures

The philtrum of the upper lip forms during the sixth week of prenatal development from the

medial nasal processes

Which of the following completions of development allows the paired nasal cavity and the single oral cavity in the fetus to become completely separate?

Nasal septum and final palate completion

Which teeth are associated with the further development of the primary palate?

Maxillary incisors

Which of the following phrases concerning the second pharyngeal or branchial arch during prenatal development is correct?

Contains Reichert cartilage

What is the first event in the development of the face during the later part of the fourth week of prenatal development?

Disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane

The tongue has completed fusion by the end of what week of development?

Eighth

What developing structure has considerable influence in determining the final overall orofacial from?

Nasal septum

The stage of tooth development when odontogenesis occurs is the

bud stage

Dentinogenesis imperfecta within a patient’s oral cavity is a type of

dentin dysplasia

When does odontogenesis of the primary dentition begins during prenatal development?

Sixth and seventh week

____ is a developmental disturbance involving enamel production

Enamel dysplasia

The overlapping period between the primary dentition and the permanent dentition is referred to as

mixed dentition

In which main process of tooth development does dental tissue fully mineralize to mature form?

Maturation

Which body structure have the longest developmental period of any set of organs in the body?

Teeth

The formation of atypical larger teeth result in the developmental disturbance of

macrodontia

Permanent teeth that have primary predecessors are considered to be

succedaneous

The process of actual vertical movement of the tooth during tooth development is considered to be

active eruption

During the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of

enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla

The outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate during tooth development into

Odonotoblasts

Which of the following embryonic structures becomes the dentinoenamel junction during completion of tooth development?

Basement membrane between enamel organ and dental papilla

The dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the

oral epithelium

The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is best condisdered the ____ period.

mixed dentition

During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of

inner and outer enamel epithelium

What happens to the specific cells from the enamel organ that will differentiate into preameloblasts?

Their nuclei repolarize

How many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition?

10

Which of the following structures is not part of the enamel organ

Odontoblastic layer

Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root?

Cervical loop

Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves

interference in metabolic processes of ameloblasts

Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous?

Molars

The initiation stage of odontogenesis mainly involves the process of

induction

Which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development?

Bell stage

Which part of the tooth germ is the primary source for the periodontal ligament of the tooth?

Dental sac

Label the area of the tooth germ indicated by the red box:

Enamel Organ

Name the area indicated by the red box

Tomes’ process

The fluid part in the nucleus within the cell is the

nucleoplasm

In which phase of mitosis does the division into two daughter cells occur?

Telophase

What is the smallest living unit of organization in the body?

Cell