Blood Flow and Abdominal Muscles - Anatomy Practical 1

NAU OTD

Superior Vena Cava

large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart, specifically into the right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava

large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart, specifically into the right atrium.

Aorta

the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary Trunk

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lung

Right Lung

3 lobes, oblique fissure, horizontal fissure

Left Lung

2 lobes, Oblique fissure, cardiac notch for the heart

Trachea

Connects larynx to brachial tree to allow for airflow inbetween

Right Main Bronchus

Shorter, wider, more vertical

Left Main Bronchus

Narrower, twice as long as R, travels more horizontal

Secondary (Lobar) Bronchi

They branch directly from the left and right main (primary) bronchi and carry air into the specific lobes of the lungs

Tertiary (Segmental) Bronchi

They branch off from the secondary bronchi and supply air to the individual bronchopulmonary segments inside each lung lobe

Alveoli

Maximum gas exchange happens between the blood and the respiratory system

Pulmonary Arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

Pulmonary veins

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Right Atrium

receives deoxygenated blood via superior and inferior vena cava

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Right Ventricle

gets blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve

Left Ventricle

Gets blood from the left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve

Tricuspid Valve

prevents backflow from the R ventricle back to the R atrium

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

prevents backflow from the L ventricle back to the L atrium

Pulmonary Valve

Separates R ventricle and pulmonary trunk that permits unidirectional blood flow

Aortic Valve

Permits unidirectional (oxygenated) blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

R Coronary Artery

Supplies R atrium, majority of R ventricle, inferior surface of L ventricle with oxygenated blood

L coronary artery

comes off of left side of aorta, supplies L atrium, majority of L ventricle, and a portion of the right ventricle with oxygenated blood

Circumflex Artery

Branch off L coronary artery - Contributes to blood supply of the L atrium and L ventricle

Great Cardiac Vein

Drains blood from the left side of the heart

Coronary sinus
Extension off of great cardiac vein and drains deoxygenated blood into the inferior vena cava

Diaphragm

Innervation: Phrenic N. (C3-C5)

External Intercostal Muscles

Internal Intercostal Muscles

Sternum

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Articulates with clavicle and costal cartilages

xiphoid process

attachment site for diaphragm

Inguinal Ligament

superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

External Oblique

Origin: External surfaces and inferior borders of fifth to twelfth ribs

Insertion: Anterior superior iliac spine, anterior half of iliac crest, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba

Innervation: Anterior rami of seventh to twelfth thoracic nerves.

Action: Flexes, laterally flexes, and rotates trunk; compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures

Internal Oblique

Action: Flexes, laterally flexes, and ipsilaterally rotates trunk

Rectus Abdominis

Action: Flexes trunk

Transverse Abdominis

Action: Compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures.

Quadratus Lumborum

Action: Extends and laterally flexes trunk; stabilizes twelfth rib during inspiration.

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac crest; superior two thirds of iliac fossa; ala of sacrum; anterior sacroiliac ligaments.

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur, via tendon of psoas major.

Action: Flexes thigh at hip joint; flexes trunk.

Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2–L3).

Psoas Major

Action: Flexes thigh at hip joint; flexes trunk.

Psoas Minor

**Not everyone has this**

Action: Assists in flexion of trunk.