Module 2 ECF EXAM

Creationist View of Human Origin

The belief that God created humans directly, as described in Genesis.

Evolutionary View of Human Origin

The belief that humanity evolved over billions of years from primordial chaos.

Structural View (Image of God)

The view that specific human attributes like rationality or a soul constitute God's image.

Thomas Aquinas on the Image of God

He believed rationality most reflected God's image and separated humans from animals.

Functional View (Image of God)

The view that humans reflect God's image through actions, morality, and dominion over creation.

Relational View (Image of God)

The view that humans reflect God's image through being created for relationships with God and others.

Human Freedom in Christian Theology

The understanding that human decisions are self-determined and individual responsibilities.

Augustine's View on Original Righteousness

Taught that righteousness was created as an inherent part of original human nature.

Aquinas' View on Original Righteousness

Taught that righteousness was a gift given to humans after their creation.

Irenaeus' View on Original Righteousness

Taught that humans were created morally neutral, with potential for both good and evil.

Pelagius' View on Original Righteousness

Taught that humans do not possess original righteousness, but only free will.

Nephesh

The Hebrew term for the human soul, meaning the life principle of a person.

Greek concept of Psyche

A disembodied spiritual entity that animates the physical body and may reincarnate.

Creationist View of Soul Origin

The view that God directly creates a genuinely new soul for every person born.

Traducianism

The view that the human soul is transmitted from parents to children.

Soul Extinction (Soul Sleep)

The belief that at death, the entire person including the soul ceases to exist.

Patriarchal View (Male and Female)

The traditional view deriving order from Adam being created before Eve.

Egalitarian View (Male and Female)

The view that men and women share equally in image, rights, and responsibilities.

Exegetical Egalitarianism

Reinterpreting biblical passages on gender roles that were previously misunderstood.

Reconstructionist Egalitarianism

Reconstructing biblical texts to liberate women from historical patriarchal bias.

Trinitarian Basis for Community

The belief that human social relations reflect the relational nature of the divine Trinity.

Sin (Short Definition)

Missing a target or failing to reach God's intended will and character.

Sin (Full Definition)

Any thought, word, or action offending the righteousness or intentions of God.

Three Categories of Sin

Sin by action, sin by inaction, and sin by ignorance.

Fourfold Alienation of Sin

Alienation from God, one's self, others, and creation.

Mortal Sin

In Catholic theology, a grave sin resulting in spiritual death.

Venial Sin

In Catholic theology, a lesser sin that weakens spiritual well-being.

Concupiscence

Catholic term for a sinful disposition where sensuous appetites overturn reason.

Bondage of the Will

Luther's concept of the enslaving effect of the inherited sin nature.

Total Depravity

Calvin's doctrine that every aspect of human nature is corrupted by sin.

Federal Headship View

The view that Adam sinned as the representative of the human race.

Solidarity View of Sin Transmission

The view that original sin is transmitted physically to Adam's actual descendants.

Unpardonable Sin

Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, reflecting persistent rejection of God's offered salvation.

Calvin's View of Objective Sin

Sin viewed as explicit transgressions against the objectively stated moral laws of God.

Kierkegaard's View of Subjective Sin

Sin understood primarily as the personal betrayal of a relationship with God.

Social Dimension of Sin

The understanding that all personal sins have broader societal impacts, often manifesting as abuse of power.

Consequences of the Fall for Women

Pain in childbirth and subordination to men, according to Genesis 3:16.

Consequences of the Fall for Adam and Humanity

Toil on the earth to satisfy needs, physical death, and banishment from Eden.

Hebrew Term for Covenant

Berith, meaning a bond or binding agreement made in trust.

Covenant with Noah

God's promise never to judge the world with a flood again, marked by the rainbow.

Covenant with Abraham

God's promise of land, descendants, and blessing to all nations, requiring circumcision.

Covenant with David

God's promise that a descendant of David would reign as king forever.

The New Covenant

An internalized covenant promised in Jeremiah and fulfilled through Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit.

Total Number of Old Testament Laws

613 total laws, consisting of 365 negative laws and 248 positive laws.

Division of the Ten Commandments

The first 4 focus on relationship with God; the last 6 focus on neighbor.

Primary Purpose of the OT Law

To guide Israel into a life of holiness reflecting God's character.

Jesus' Relationship to the Law

Jesus came not to abolish the Law, but to accomplish and fulfill its purpose.

Covenant with Isaac

God confirmed the Abrahamic covenant with Isaac at Beersheba, representing all children of promise.

Covenant with Jacob

God confirmed His covenant with Jacob at Bethel (Genesis 28:13-15; 35:9-15).

Reason Israel Failed the Sinai Covenant

Sin made simple obedience impossible because their hearts were unchanged.

Role of the Holy Spirit in the New Covenant

Internalizes God's law within believers, as prophesied in Ezekiel 36:24-27.

Breakdown of Old Testament Laws

Contains 365 negative laws (prohibitions) and 248 positive laws (commands).

Comprehensive Goal of Salvation

Not merely forgiveness of sins, but living daily in God's presence and manifesting His character.

Sign of the Noahic Covenant

The rainbow, set by God as a confirmation of His promise (Genesis 9:8-17).

Location of Jacob's Covenant Confirmation

Bethel, where God confirmed His covenant with Jacob (Genesis 28:13-15; 35:9-15).

Prophetic Source for the New Covenant

Jeremiah 31:31-34, announcing an internal covenant fulfilled through Jesus Christ.

Jesus' Statement on the Law (Matthew 5:17-18)

He came not to abolish the Law or Prophets, but to accomplish their purpose.