Voice Sounds and Oxygenation Alterations

Bronchophony procedure

Ask client to repeat '99'.

Normal bronchophony sound

Spoken words sound muffled and indistinct through the chest wall.

Consolidation effect on bronchophony

Spoken '99' is heard unusually loud, clear, and distinct.

Egophony procedure

Client states 'E' while auscultating the chest.

Normal egophony sound

The spoken letter 'E' is heard clearly as 'E'.

Consolidation effect on egophony

The spoken 'E' changes to a nasal-sounding 'A'.

Whispered pectoriloquy procedure

Client whispers '1 2 3' while auscultating.

Normal whispered pectoriloquy sound

Whispered sounds are faint, muffled, or inaudible.

Consolidation effect on whispered pectoriloquy

Whispered numbers are heard clearly and distinctly.

Emphysema definition

Destruction of alveolar walls causing permanent abnormal enlargement of air spaces.

Chronic bronchitis definition

Hypersecretion of mucus resulting in productive cough for 3 months in 2 successive years.

Pneumonia definition

Inflammation of terminal bronchioles and alveoli caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Acute bronchitis definition

Inflammation of bronchial tree mucous membranes caused by viruses or bacteria.

Tuberculosis (TB) definition

Contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting lungs and other organs.

Pleural effusion definition

Accumulation of serous fluid in the pleural space between visceral and parietal pleurae.

Asthma definition

Hyperreactive airway disease characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway obstruction, and inflammation.

Pneumothorax definition

Presence of air in the pleural space leading to partial or complete lung collapse.

Hemothorax definition

Presence of blood in the pleural space, often caused by chest injury or surgery.

Atelectasis definition

Blocked or collapsed air passages in at least one lobe; ideally, use a spirometer.

Lung cancer definition

Uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells in the lung, often associated with tobacco smoke.