NORA Bronze Test

what are the 3 basic parts of combustion?

fuel, heat, air

high pressure oil forced through a nozzle does what?

atomizes the oil, mixes the droplets with air, allows oil to burn

modern flame retention head burner motors operate at what speed

3450 rpm

dirt or lint buildup in the bevel of the burner motor fan blades will cause what?

reduce the amount of combustion air

what are the two types of burner motors?

split phase and permanent split capacitor

what are the three basic parts of the fuel pump?

strainer, gear set, regulating valve

the ignition transformer or igniter is one of the basic needs for what?

combustion

the final key adjustment for most oil burners is what?

combustion air

To change the air ratio for different firing rates with an adjustable head burner, what do we adjust

the position of the drawer assembly in the air tube

one advantage to high static pressure burners is what?

more efficient heat exchangers (higher efficiency)

All petroleum based products are based chemically on what elements?

hydrogen and carbon

one gallon of heating oil contains how many BTU's?

140,000

A BTU is a measure of ______.

heat

flash point is what?

lowest temp at which fuel will flash but not continue to burn

ignition point is what?

lowest temp at which rapid combustion of the fuel will take place in the air

pour point #2 oil is what?

lowest temp at which oil will flow

as oil gets colder does the viscosity increase or decrease?

increases

water in the bottom of the tank will lead to what two things?

sludge and ice

sludge is a combination of what three things?

water, bacteria, degraded fuel and other contaminants

sulfur in fuel creates sulfuric acid in condensed flue gasses, what are the three most common adverse effects on this?

damages the flue liner, eats holes in the flue pipe, creates scale buildup in the heat exchanger

to insure clean, uncontaminated fuel reaches the oil burner. what three things should we do?

install tank properly, regularly inspect and fix minor defects before they lead to major problems, install a quality oil filter

what are the two common types of oil filters?

cartridge, spin-on

oil filters fail when they become covered and blanketed with what?

biologically active slime/sludge

the pour point of #2 oil can be lowered by what two methods?

kerosene and fuel additives

what provides a home for bacterial growth at the bottom of an oil tank

water

where does the bacteria live in an oil tank and what does it do?

lives in oil/water lines. eats oil and craps acid

what are the three most common causes of water i. the oil tank

condensation, loose or missing vent caps, failing to drain water from tank before installation

when installing an oil tank what three things should we do?

install an oil filter, vent alarm and tank gauge. make sure fill and vent lines are pitched back towards the tank

when should we use compression fittings in an oil line

never

what's the best way to clear a clogged oil line?

push-pull hand pump

what three functions do oil pumps preform?

move oil from tank to burner, prevent dirt/sludge from clogging pump, remove air when piped as two-line system

rule of thumb for calculating vacuum:

1" for 1' vertical lift. 1" for 10' horizontal run

if the vacuum is below calculation you may have what?

suction line leak

if the vacuum is above calculation you may have what?

suction line restriction/clogged

can a leak in the oil line pull in air without oil leaking?

yes

a two stage pump is needed when you...

have a high lift and a long run

what are the two benefits to a one pipe system

eliminates worry's of leaking return lines, decreases frequency of replacing oil filters

a two pipe system can move ___ gallons of fuel thru the oil filter

15

pulsating oil pump pressure and pulsating fame may be caused by?

air leaks in the suction line

the three purposes of an oil burner nozzle are to?

atomize the oil, provide pattern of oil spray, meter the amount of oil burned

the flow rate stamped on the nozzle is based on what pump pressure?

100 psi

what can we do to reduce the effect of cold oil?

increase pressure and decrease nozzle size. install nozzle line pre-heater. use additives or kerosene.

what are the three main causes for after drip?

air in the nozzle line, a defective regulating valve, oil expansion in the nozzle

the size of the nozzle and the oil pressure will determain what?

BTU input (firing rate)

reflecting heat upon the flame vaporizes the oil droplets and helps...

the combustion process

the flame coming in contact with the sides or back of the combustion chamber is called...

impingement

what is the combustion chamber designed to do?

support the flame and heat up quickly

thermal draft is caused by...

the pressure drop created by the hot combustion gasses rising in the chimney

what causes currential draft?

wind passing over the chimney

what factors effect draft?

fans, windows, closed spaces around burner

what does draft drop through the heat exchanger indicate?

heavy soot and scale deposits in the heat exchanger

when the combustion gasses get too cold what happens?

the water vapor in the flue gas will condense

what is a power venter and what is it used for?

a fan to pull combustion products through the heat exchanger and out the building

a direct vent system relies on what to push gasses out the building

the burner, pre-purge and post-purge control, proper installation

a sealed shut draft regulator causes what?

too much draft over the fire

chimney draft is affected by...

temp difference in chimney and outside air, barometric pressure, humidity and wind

air is made up of ____% oxygen and ____% nitrogen

20.9% O2 and 78% N

a liquid co2 tester must be pumped how many times

18

the fluid in a wet kit co2 tester is good for ____ uses

200

a combustion test includes what measurements

stack temp, draft, smoke, excess air (co2 and o2)

Incomplete combustion and carbon monoxide are caused by what?

too little/too much air, flame impingement

a co2 of 7% at the breech and 10% over the fire indicates?

excess air leaks into the furnace or boiler

more air input for the fire increases...

stack temp

an electrical circuit for an oil burner will contain?

a conductor, switches, and loads

the heat anticipator in the thermostat should be set to

the amperage draw of the control circuit

when components of an igniter break down this effects what?

what are the 5 components that make up a split phase motor

rotor, stator, start winding, run winding, start switch

when a split phase motor starts the centrifugal switch opens causing...

the start winding to disconnect

the switch that opens when a split phase motor has almost reached full speed is called...

centrifugal switch

if a split phase burner does not operate and the voltage to the motor is correct, you should first check...

the overload switch

what is the advantage of a PSC motor over a split phase motor?

the use less current

what remains in the circuit while the PSC motor starts

capacitor, auxiliary windings, main windings

what motor has various speeds

ECM

the primary control must be capable to reacting to what?

presence or absence of a flame

what must the primary control have to activate the oil burner

high and low voltage 120V and 24V

stack controls are capable of having

interrupted ignition

the amount of time from start to lock out

trial for ignition

what are the residential primary controls?

heat activated and light activated

the switching relays job is to...

control a line voltage load with a low voltage thermostat