TOPIC 3: part 1 Science in the islamic civilization

who was Ibn al hathem?

Ibn al hathyem had an impact on optics, and was known as the father of modern scientific method

which verses in the Quran encourage observation and knowledge?

considers the heavens and the earths, travel and reflect on creation, teach and keep learning

who quoted “ seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every muslim”

Sunan ibn majah 224

what are the practical islamic needs that encouraged science?

prayer times, qibla, crescent based months, zakat and inheritance, medicine and architecture

what is a muwaqqit?

a mosque time keeper who used astronomical knowledge to calculate relevant times

what scientists think about evidence

al kindi: truth matters no matter where you hear it

ibn sina: insisted on proof rather than accepting claims without evidence

ibn haythem: urged to question and test everything you read

who found algebra?

al khawrzimi

scientific work after the fall of Baghdad

ibn al banna al marrkushi (1256 to 1321) morrocan mathematician and astronomer

ibn al nafis (1213- 1288): identified the pulmonary circuit

ibn al shatir (1304-1375): damsacus astronomer, mathametician, engineer, innovater

kamal al din al farisis (1267-1319): produced mathematically correct explaination of the rainbow using refraction

what was the madrasas

mainly taught religious law, limited emphasis on natural sciences, though mathematics and astronomy supported inheritance, qibla, and calendar calculations

what were the different learning institutions?

house of wisdom

observatories

higher-learning centers

who were examples of non muslim scholars? such as christian and sabian

christian: hunayan ibn ishaq

thabit ibn qurra: sabian