Washington and Adams Presidencies Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the presidencies of Washington and Adams, early cabinet divisions, financial plans, foreign policy precedents, and early political parties.

When the Constitution was ratified in 1789, George Washington was __________ elected as the 1st president of the United States.

unanimously

To establish the federal court system, Congress passed the __________ Act of 1789.

Judiciary

George Washington created the 1st __________, which was a group of advisors who headed executive departments.

cabinet

In Washington's first cabinet, Henry Knox served as Secretary of War and Edmund Randolph served as __________.

Attorney General

Thomas Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State, leading the department that deals with issues involving __________.

foreign nations

Alexander Hamilton argued that government power should be in the hands of the '__________', while Jefferson trusted the 'common man'.

elite

Alexander Hamilton believed the Constitution could be loosely interpreted using the '__________ Clause'.

Elastic

Thomas Jefferson helped form the __________ Party, which favored a limited national government and more state rights.

Democratic-Republican

Under his financial plan, Alexander Hamilton proposed the funding and assumption of all state debts incurred during the __________ War.

Revolutionary

To encourage American industry, Hamilton proposed a protective __________ on foreign manufactured goods, though Congress did not pass it.

tariff

President Washington supported Hamilton's financial arguments, leading Congress to pass a law creating the Bank of the U.S. in __________.

1791

To keep the country out of the war between Britain and France in 1793, President Washington issued the Proclamation of __________.

Neutrality

Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality created a precedent that kept American politicians neutral in European affairs from 1793 to __________.

1898

In 1794, western farmers in Pennsylvania violently protested against Hamilton's whiskey tax during the __________ Rebellion.

Whiskey

President Washington mobilized an army of __________ soldiers to quickly suppress the Whiskey Rebellion and show federal strength.

13,000

By stepping down in 1796, Washington established the unwritten precedent that presidents should serve no more than __________ terms.

two

In his Farewell Address, Washington warned the nation against political parties, sectional tensions, and __________ alliances.

entangling

In the election of 1796, Federalist candidate __________ defeated Thomas Jefferson to become the second president.

John Adams

The diplomatic incident where French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats became known as the __________ Affair.

XYZ

Federalists in Congress passed the __________ Acts in 1798 to criminalize criticism of government leaders and restrict citizenship.

Alien & Sedition

Written by Jefferson and Madison, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that states could __________ unfair national laws.

nullify

The Election of 1800 was historical because it marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one __________ to another in U.S. history.

political party