Muscles Start/End

m. psoas major

Start: the last 1-2 thoracic vertebra / Finish: fuses with m. iliacus to make m. iliopsoas

m. iliacus

Start: ala sacralis, ilium / Finish: trochanter minor of femur

m. psoas minor

Start: ventral surface of the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebra / Finish: tuberculum m. psoas minoris

m. gluteus superficialis

Start: tuber coxae/ Finish: trochanter tertius of major

m. gluteus medius

Start: facies glutea of the wing of ilium/ Finish: trochanter major

m. gluteus accesorius

Start: linea glutea accessoria/ Finish: trochanter major

m. gluteus profundus

Start: spina ischiadica/ Finish: spina ischiadica

m. piriformis

Start: vental surface of the sacrum / Finish:

m. tensor fasciae latae

Start: tuber coxae / Finish: patella, crista tibiae

m. abductor cruris cranialis

Start: first caudal vertabra / Finish: patella, crista tibiae

m. rectus femoris

Start: area lateralis et medialis m. recti femoris/ Finish: patella

m. vastus lateralis

Start: craniolateral surface of the femur / Finish: patella

m. vastus medialis

Start: medial surface of the femur / Finish: patella

m. vastus intermedius

Start: cranial surface of the femur / Finish: patella

m. sartorius

Start: fascia iliaca / Finish: fascia cruris

m. gracilis

Start: symphysis pelvina / Finish: fascia cruris

m. pectineus

Start: pecten ossis pubis / Finish: trochanter minor

m. adductor

Start: symphysis pelvina / Finish: caudal surface of the femur

m, biceps femoris

Start: last sacral vertebra and tuber ischiadicum / Finish: crista tibiae, patella, fascia cruris

m. abductor cruris caudalis

Start: lig. sacrotuberale / Finish: fascia cruris

m. semitendinosus

Start: last sacral vertebra and tuber ischiadicum/ Finish: crista tibiae, fascia cruris

m. semimembranosus

Start: tuber ischiadicum / Finish: condylus medialis of the femur

m. tibialis cranialis

Start: crista tibiae / Finish: os tarsale and metatarsal bones

m. extensor digitorum longus

Start: fossa extensoria of femur / Finish: processus extensorius of distal phalanx

m. peroneus tertius

Start: fossa extensoria / Finish: os tarsale and metatarsal bones

m. extensor digitorum lateralis

Start: lateral epicondyle of tibia, fibula / Finish: middle phalanx

m. peroneus longus

Start: proximal end of the fibula , lateral condyle of tibia / Finish: os tarsale primum

m. peroneus brevis

Start: distal end of crural bones / Finish: proximal end of 5th metatarsal bone

m. gastrocnemius

Start: tuberositas supracondylaris lateralis and medialis / Finish: tuber calcanei

m. soleus

Start: fibula / Finish: tuber calcanei

m. flexor digitorum superficialis

Start: fossa supracondylaris / Finish: middle phalanx on the developed fingers

m. popliteus

Start: fossa musculi poplitei / Finish: linea poplitea

m. flexor digitorum lateralis

Start: lateral condyle of tibia, fibula / Finish: tuberculum flexorium

m. flexor digitorum medialis

Start: lateral condyle of tibia, fibula / Finish: tuberculum flexorium

m. tibialis caudalis

Start: lateral condyle of tibia / Finish: tuberculum flexorium

m. supraspinatus

Start: fossa supraspinata / Finish: tuberculum majus et minus

m. infraspinatus

Start: fossa infraspinata / Finish: proximal side of humerus

m. deltoideus

Start: spine and caudal margine of scapula / Finish: tuberosita deltoidea

m. subscapularis

Start: fossa subscapularis / Finish: tuberculum minus

m. teres major

Start: caudal margine of scapula / Finish: tuberositas teres major

m. teres minor

Start: caudal margine of scapula / Finish: tuberositas teres minor

m. coracobrachialis

Start: processus coracoideus / Finish: medial surface of humerus

m. articularis humeris

Start: the rim of cavitas glenoidale / Finish: collum scapulae

m. biceps brachii

Start: tuberculum supraglenoidale / Finish: tuberositas radii

m. brachialis

Start: distally of the collum humeri / Finish: medially on radius and ulna

caput laterale musculi triceps brachii

Start: lateral side of humerus / Finish: olecranon

caput mediale musculi triceps brachii

Start: medial side of humerus / Finish: olecranon

caput longum musculi triceps brachii

Start: caudal margine of scapula / Finish: olecranon

m. anconeus

Start: distal part of humerus, fossa olecrani / Finish: lateral side of olecranon

m. tensor fasciae antebrachii

Start: caudal margine of scapula / Finish: fascia antebrachii

m. extensor carpi radialis

Start: lateral epicondyle of humerus / Finish: proximal part of the 3rd metacarpal bone

m. extensor digitorum communis

Start: lateral epicondyle of humerus / Finish: extensor process of distal phalanx

extensor digitalis lateralis

Start: lateral epicondyle of humerus / Finish: middle phalanx

m. extensor carpi ulnaris

Start: lateral epicondyle of humerus / Finish: 4th and 5th metacarpal bone, acessory carpal bone

m. abductor digiti primi longus

Start: lateral side of radius / Finish: carn: 1st , horse/pig: 2nd , rum: 3rd metacrpal bone

m. extensor digiti primi et secundi

Start: mid third section of ulna / Finish: 1st, 2nd digit

m. flexor carpi radialis

Start: medial epicondyle of humerus / Finish: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone

m. flexor digitorum superficialis

Start: medial epicondyle of humerus / Finish: proximal side of middle phalanx

m. flexor digitorum profundus

Start: medial epicondyle of humerus, caudal surface of radius / Finish: flexor surface of distal phalanx

m. flexor carpi ulnaris

Start: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon/ Finish: accessory carpal bone

musculi interflexori (proximalis et distalis)

Start: distal part of antebrachium / Finish: fuse with m. flexor digitorum superficialis’s tendon

m. brachoradialis

Start: proximal side of lateral epicondylus of humerus / Finish: distal part of radius

m. supinator

Start: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral lig / Finish:

m. pronator teres

Start: medial epicondyle / Finish: medial margine of radius

m.pronator quadratus

Start: fills the gap on margo interosseus / Finish: radius

m. orbicularis oris

circular muscle of the mouth

m. incisivus superior

Start: alveolar arch / Finish: orbicular muscle of the mouth

m. incisivus inferior

Start: alveolar arch / Finish: orbicular muscle of the mouth

m. levator labii superioris

Start: maxillary bones / Finish: upper lip

m. depressor labii inferioris

Start: tuber maxillae / Finish: lower lip

m. caninus

Start: crista facialis and tuber faciale / Finish: near nasal apperture

m. lavator nasolabialis

Start: forehead, lateral surfaces of nasal and maxillary bone / Finish: orbicular muscle of the mouth near nasal apperture

m. depressor labii superioris

Start: tuber faciale / Finish: upper lip

m.zygomaticus

Start: zygomatic bone / Finish: orbicular muscle of the mouth

m. buccinator

Start: maxilla and mandibula / Finish: middle tendon

m. mentalis

Start: fossa incisiva / Finish: skin of the chin

m. lateralis nasi

Start: maxilla / Finish: fuses with surrounding skin and nasal structures

m. orbicularis oculi

circular muscle of the eye

m. levator anguli oculi medialis

Start: nasofrontal fascia / Finish: medial side of the eyelid

m. retractor anguli oculi lateralis

Start: temporal fascia / Finish: lateral palpebral angle

m. mallaris

Start: facial fascia / Finish: lower eyelid

m. mylohyoideus

Start: mylohyoid line / Finish: median raphe

m. masseter

Start: crista facialis and arcus zygomaticus / Finish: lateral surface of mandible and intermandibular region

m. pterygoideus medialis

Start: processus pterygoideus of sphenoid bone, pterygoid bone / Finish: medial surface of mandibula

m. pterygoideus lateralis

Start: processus pterygoideus of sphenoid bone / Finish: medial surface of mandibula, processus condylaris

m. temporalis

Start: fossa temporalis / Finish: processus coronoideus of mandibula

m. digastricus

Start: processus paracondylaris / Finish: fossa pterygoidea

m. rectus capitis dorsalis major

Start: processus spinosus of axis / Finish: crista nuchae

m. rectus capitis dorsalis minor

Start: dorsal side of atlas / Finish: dorsally of the foramen magnum

m. rectus capitis lateralis

Start: ventral side of atlas / Finish: processus paracondylaris

m. rectus capitis ventralis

Start: ventral side of atlas / Finish: base of the skull

m. obliquus capitis cranialis

Start: ala atlantis / Finish: crista nuchae

m. obliquus capitis caudalis

Start: processus transversus of 2nd to 6th vertebra / Finish: base of the skull

m. longus colli

attaches to crista ventralis and tuberculum ventrale of atlas

m. longus capitis

Start: processus transversus of 3rd to 6th vertebra / Finish: tuberculum musculare of skull

m. scalenus (dorsal part)

Start: processus transversus of 2nd to 5th vertebra / Finish: rum: 3rd to 4th rib dog/pig: 3rd rib

m. scalenus (medial part)

attaches to margo cranialis of 1st rib and processus transversus of 6th to 7th vertebra

m. scalenus (ventral part)

Start: processus transversus of 3rd to 6th vertebra / Finish: middle of 1st rib

m. quadratus lumborum

Start: ventrally of proximal part of last 2 ribs and processus costalis of lumbar vertebrae / Finish: dog: processus trasversus of lumbar vertebrae/ hor: ala sacralis

musculi levatores costarum

Start: processus transversus the vertebrae / Finish: margo cranialis of the next rib