Brunnstrom, Hoehn and Yahr, GCS, TBI, and Modified Ashworth scales

Brunnstrom stage 1: Spasticity

None, flaccid

Brunnstrom stage 1: Synergy

None

Brunnstrom stage 2: Spasticity

Beginning

Brunnstrom stage 2: Synergy

Synergy appears, weakness associated movements

Brunnstrom stage 3: Spasticity

Peak spasticity

Brunnstrom stage 3: Synergy

Start to perform synergy voluntarily, mass synergy movement patterns

Brunnstrom stage 4: Spasticity

Decreasing

Brunnstrom stage 4: Synergy

Begin out-of-synergy movements

Brunnstrom stage 5: Spasticity

Decreasing

Brunnstrom stage 5: Synergy

Independent out-of-synergy movements, nearly free of synergy

Brunnstrom stage 6: Spasticity

Minimal except during rapid movements

Brunnstrom stage 6: Synergy

Free of synergy; awkward, isolated joint movements with coordination

Brunnstrom stage 7: Spasticity

Normal

Brunnstrom stage 7: Synergy

Normal

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 0

No visible symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 1

Symptoms on only one side

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 2

Symptoms on both side of body and no difficulty walking

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 3

Symptoms on both sides of body and minimal difficulty walking
Begin to fall more often

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 4

Symptoms on both sides of body and moderate difficulty walking
Start using assistive device

Hoehn and Yahr: Stage 5

Symptoms on both sides of body and unable to walk

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best eye response - what response gets you a score of 4

Open spontaneously

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best eye response - what response gets you a score of 3

Open to verbal command

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best eye response - what response gets you a score of 2

Open to pain

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best eye response - what response gets you a score of 1

No eye opening

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best verbal response - what response gets you a score of 5

Oriented

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best verbal response - what response gets you a score of 4

Confused, but able to answer questions

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best verbal response - what response gets you a score of 3

Inappropriate words

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best verbal response - what response gets you a score of 2

Incomprehensible sounds

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best verbal response - what response gets you a score of 1

No verbal response

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 6

Obeys commands

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 5

Localizes pain

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 4

Withdrawal from pain

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 3

Flexion to pain

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 2

Extension to pain

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best motor response - what response gets you a score of 1

No motor response

What is the classification for a TBI with a GCS score of 13-15

Mild

What is the classification for a TBI with a GCS score of 12-9

Moderate

What is the classification for a TBI with a GCS score of ≤ 8

Severe

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 0

No increase in muscle tone

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 1

Catch and release, slight increase in tone
Minimal resistance at end of ROM

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 1+

Slight increase in tone
Minimal resistance in less than half of ROM

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 2

More marked increase in tone throughout most of ROM
Affected part moves easily

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 3

Considerable increase in tone, PROM difficult

Modified Ashworth Scale: Score 4

Affected part rigid in flexion and extension