History Term 1 Exam

Militarism

New military technologies, an arms race between countries and glorification of the war

Balkans

A “powder keg” region in Europe where nationalism was very strong before WW1

Immediate cause of WW1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, Austria declares war on Serbia , all of the allies join in

Zimmerman Telegraph

Causes the US Congress to declare war on Germany

American Homefront

Thousands of Black Americans moved from Jim Crow south to Northern cities to work in factories

National War labor board created to prevent disputes between factory owners and workers to eliminate strikes

Women and Black men were given jobs they have never been permitted to have

Meatless Monday’s and Wheatless Wednesday’s

Part of a nationwide campaign to support the war effort by saving food, going without certain food items, and growing fruits and veggies at home

War Industries Board

Coordinated the purchase of war supplies for Army and Navy

Liberty Bonds

Almost half of Americans bought them

Americans who bought them were lending money to American government

Sale brought in 2/3rds of the money needed to fight war

Mukracker

Investigative reporter whose work rakes up the corruption and inequalities of society.

Upton Sinclair

Author whose work exposed sanitary conditions in the meat packing industry that led to the Pure Food and Drug Act.

Square Deal

Teddy Roosevelt's presidential agenda which included trust busting and giving all Americans a fair deal.

Booker T. Washington

Son of enslaved parents who believed Black Americans would eventually earn equality over time and promoted vocational training as the first step toward equality.

WEB DuBois

First Black American to earn a PhD from Harvard who helped establish the NAACP and disagreed with Washington's tolerance of separate but equal

Panama Canal

Waterway that made travel and trade easier and faster between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

Spanish Colonies

Colonial territories held by Spain located in Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

Yellow Journalism

Reporting of events using sensational and sometimes false headlines

USS Maine

Ship that exploded in the Harbor of Havana Cuba in Feb 1898; its destruction caused Yellow Journalism to immediately blame Spain and created the rallying cry 'Remember the Maine'.

Imperialist

A person, country, or government that supports or practices the policy of extending a nation’s power and influences over other countries/territories

Crop prices

Agricultural prices that dropped because of new agriculture technologies, better farming methods, and greater crop yield

Grange

Association of farmers organized to protect their rights and profit

Populist party

Political group whose goal was to help farmers get out of debt and give people a voice in government; advocated for an 8 hour work day, direct election of US Senators, and an increased money supply

Gilded Age

Mark Twain used this term to describe the time period in American History when many social problems were masked by a thin layer of gold that made things look better than they actually were

Melting Pot

The Blending together of Cultures in American due to high immigration in the late 19th century

Ellis Island

A processing center for incoming European immigrants arriving in New York

Horizontal Integration

Business strategy where a company grows by merging with or buying other companies that make the same product

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company owns of controls multiple stages of its supply chain

Homestead Act

Gave settlers up to 160 acres of land in the West

Required settlers to improve land and live in it

Signed into law by President Lincoln

Chinese Immigrants

Came to the US to work on the railroad

Promontory Point

Place where Eastern and Western parts of the transcontinental

Monopoly

A business where one single company supplies all the products

Laissez-fair policy

For government regulations on industry

Robber Barons

They squashed all competition

Paid very low wages

Exploited their workers

Used their influences to manipulate government policies

Andrew Carnegie

Gave away millions of dollars to the poor, schools, and other social programs

Tenements

Purpose was to provide single families homes for working class families

13th Amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the US

14th Amendment

All persons born of naturalized in the US are citizens of the US

15th Amendment

The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied

Freedmen’s Bureau

Helped former enslaved people with school, food, and medical care

Ku Klux Klan

Former confederate soldiers who terrorized black people across the south

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South that limited the rights of freed black people

June 19, 1865

Emancipation Proclamation was 2 years old

13th Amendment had already been written

Confederate Army had already surrendered

Union soldiers arrived in Texas and freed the last remaining 250,000 black people

Jim Crow

An era in which white supremacists took power across the South, segregation in southern states found ways to strip free blacks of rights