Tuberculosis Flashcards

Flashcards about Tuberculosis

What is Tuberculosis?

A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.

What is the cause of Tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Approximately how many deaths occur each year due to Tuberculosis?

~ 1.25 million deaths yearly.

According to the WHO, which regions account for the majority of global TB deaths?

Africa and South East Asia.

Among which population is TB a major cause of death?

People with HIV.

In what year did the TB rate begin to increase in the United States?

2021

Which racial and ethnic group is most affected by TB in the United States?

Native Americans/Alaskan indigenous.

How is TB spread?

Airborne transmission via infected droplets.

Through what actions are TB-infected droplets released?

Coughing, sneezing, speaking, etc.

What is Latent TB Infection?

The bacteria is in the body, but is inactive and the patient has no symptoms. The patient is not contagious.

What is Active TB Infection?

The bacteria is active and growing, causing the patient to feel ill. The client is contagious.

What are the symptoms of Active TB?

Cough lasting for weeks, chest pain, hemoptysis, increased phlegm, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, night sweats.

What are the diagnostic tests for TB?

Tuberculin Test (TST, Mantoux test, PPD) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA).

How does the Tuberculin Test work?

Purified protein derivative is injected into the skin and monitored for a skin reaction response within 3 days.

How does the Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) work?

It measures the body’s immune response to TB bacteria in blood samples.

Which TB test yields the fastest result and can eliminate false-positives from the BCG vaccine?

The IGRA test.

What is the BCG vaccine?

A live attenuated vaccine used to prevent TB.

What are the associated risk factors for TB?

Compromised immunity, diabetes, malnutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse.

What antibiotics are used to treat TB?

Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol.

Which TB antibiotic can darken the color of urine and skin?

Rifampin.

What are the complications of untreated TB?

Lung damage, joint damage, and damage to other organs (Miliary TB).

What began to increase in 2021 in the United States?

TB rate of tuberculosis began to increase.

What is spread through airborne transmission, specifically via infected droplets?

TB is spread.

What is TUBERCULOSIS?

Droplets from a cough or sneeze by an infected person.

If one has latent TB infection, what is there symptoms status?

The patient has no symptoms and is NOT CONTAGIOUS.

If one has active TB infection, what is there contagious status?

The client is CONTAGIOUS.

Generalized

Aches commonly affect what while having Tuberculosis?

Trouble Breathing

One may experience difficulty with what skill while having Tuberculosis?

Intermittent Fever

One may experience what kind of fever while having Tuberculosis?

Loss of Weight

What can tuberculosis cause to one's weight?

What is Latent TB Infection?

The bacteria is in the body, but is inactive and the patient has no symptoms. The patient is not contagious.

What is Active TB Infection?

The bacteria is active and growing, causing the patient to feel ill. The client is contagious.

What are the symptoms of Active TB?

Cough lasting for weeks, chest pain, hemoptysis, increased phlegm, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, night sweats.

What are the diagnostic tests for TB?

Tuberculin Test (TST, Mantoux test, PPD) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA).

How does the Tuberculin Test work?

Purified protein derivative is injected into the skin and monitored for a skin reaction response within 3 days.

How does the Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) work?

It measures the body’s immune response to TB bacteria in blood samples.

Which TB test yields the fastest result and can eliminate false-positives from the BCG vaccine?

The IGRA test.

What is the BCG vaccine?

A live attenuated vaccine used to prevent TB.

What are the associated risk factors for TB?

Compromised immunity, diabetes, malnutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse.

What antibiotics are used to treat TB?

Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol.

Which TB antibiotic can darken the color of urine and skin?

Rifampin.

What are the complications of untreated TB?

Lung damage, joint damage, and damage to other organs (Miliary TB).

What kind of vaccine is BCG vaccine?

A live attenuated vaccine.

TB as associated with HIV/AIDS patients

TB is the major cause of death.

What kind of test is interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)?

Blood test.

What is most affected by TB: Native Americans/Alaskan indigenous (highest), Black and African Americans, and Asians

Racial and ethnic groups.

TB is spread through what kind of transmission?

Airborne transmission.

What is spread via infected during TB?

Droplets that are released through coughing, sneezing, speaking, etc.

Which TB test yields the fastest result and can eliminate false-positives from the BCG vaccine?

The IGRA test.

What is the BCG vaccine?

A live attenuated vaccine used to prevent TB.

What are the associated risk factors for TB?

Compromised immunity, diabetes, malnutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse.

What antibiotics are used to treat TB?

Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol.

Which TB antibiotic can darken the color of urine and skin?

Rifampin.

What are the complications of untreated TB?

Lung damage, joint damage, and damage to other organs (Miliary TB).

How does the Tuberculin Test work?

Purified protein derivative is injected into the skin and monitored for a skin reaction response within 3 days.

How does the Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) work?

It measures the body’s immune response to TB bacteria in blood samples.

Which TB test yields the fastest result and can eliminate false-positives from the BCG vaccine?

The IGRA test.

What is the BCG vaccine?

A live attenuated vaccine used to prevent TB.

What are the associated risk factors for TB?

Compromised immunity, diabetes, malnutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse.

What antibiotics are used to treat TB?

Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol.

Which TB antibiotic can darken the color of urine and skin?

Rifampin.

What are the complications of untreated TB?

Lung damage, joint damage, and damage to other organs (Miliary TB).

According to the WHO, which regions account for the majority of global TB deaths?

Africa and South East Asia.

Among which population is TB a major cause of death?

People with HIV.

In what year did the TB rate begin to increase in the United States?

2021