6.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids & Replication of DNA

Nucleotides
> have n__-c__ b__, p__ s__, p__ g__

nitrogen-containing base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

Nucleotides: nitrogen-containing base
> in DNA: a__, t__, c__, g__ (AT CG)
> in RNA: A-__, C, G
> remember C__: C__/U__/T__ are p__ (longer name, 1 ring)
>> a__ & __ are p__ (shorter name, _ rings)

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil, CUT, cytosine, uracil, thymine, pyrimidines, adenine, guanine, purines, 2

A purine always pairs w/ a

pyrimidine

Nucleotides: pentose sugar
> RNA (r__ acid) has r__
> DNA (d__ acid) has d__ (1 less _ than ribose)

ribonucleic, ribose, deoxyribonucleic, deoxyribose, O

The p__ g__ in nucleotides gives it a__ nature

phosphate group, acid

Structure of ATP (also a n__)
> base is a__, sugar is r__, has _ p__ g__ (= __phosphate)
> adenine + ribose = a__

nucleotide, adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups, tri, adenosine

Dinucleotide
> _ n__ j__ b_ _ p__ b__ m__ b_ c__ r__

2 nucleotides joined by a phosphodiester bond made by condensation reactions

Structure of DNA
> d__ h__ (2 p__ chains joined) held via _ b__ between 2 b__ on 2 s__
> A-T: _ H bonds ;; C-G: _ H bonds
> chains are a__ (run in opp. d__) = c__ base pairing (A-T/A-U, C-G)
>> 1 strand goes from __ → 3’, the other from __ → 5’ (the C atom in ribose)
> double helix c__ turns every __ base pairs
> nucleotides linked by p__ bonds

double helix, polynucleotide, H bonds, 2 bases, strands, 2, 3, antiparallel, directions, complementary, 5’, 3’, completely, 10, phosphodiester

Semi-conservative DNA replication (during S phase)
> DNA strands u__ (separate) bc _ b__ between b__ break
> f__ f__ nucleotides in n__ align w/ c__ bases on these DNA strands (H bonds)
> D__ p__ copies DNA by j__ adj. n__ w/ p__ bonds (via c__ reaction)
>> this can only work from __ → 3’ (__ → __ of DNA)
>>> 1 strand follows unwinding n__ (l__ strand)
>>> 1 strand moves d__ (l__ strand)

unwind, H bonds, bases, free floating, nucleus, complementary, DNA polymerase, joining, nucleotides, phosphodiester, condensation, 5’, 3’, 5’, normally, leading, down, lagging

Lagging strand in semi-conservative DNA replication
> made of sections (O__ f__) w/ g__
> D__ l__ joins these sections w/ p__ b__

Okazaki fragments, gaps, DNA ligase, phosphodiester bonds

DNA replication is semi-conservative bc:
> when r__, h__ the o__ mol. is c__ (kept) in each n__ mol.

replicated, half, og, conserved, new

RNA
> made of a s__ p__ strand
> 3 types: m__ RNA (mRNA); t__ RNA (tRNA); r__ RNA (rRNA)
> _RNA & rRNA can fold, _RNA can’t

single polynucleotide, messenger, transfer, ribosomal, t, m