Endocrine System Hormones and Glands

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards reviewing the endocrine glands, their respective hormones, and their primary physiological functions.

Growth hormone (GH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that increases metabolism.

Prolactin (PRL)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates and inhibits milk production following childbirth.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

An anterior pituitary hormone responsible for the production of thyroid hormone.

Adrenal cortical tropic hormone (ACTH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates estrogen and sperm production.

Oxytocin

A posterior pituitary hormone involved in reproduction, social bonding, and emotional regulation.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A posterior pituitary hormone that regulates the body's blood pressure (BP), water levels, and blood volume.

Melatonin

A hormone produced by the pineal gland (epithalamus) that regulates sleep cycles and circadian rhythm.

Thyroid hormone

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases metabolic rate.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium.

Parathyroid hormone

A hormone produced by the parathyroid that maintains blood calcium levels.

Thymosin

A hormone produced by the thymus that develops both B and T cells.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers BP levels.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that increases BP levels.

Zona glomerulosa

The layer of the adrenal cortex that produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) to conserve water by conserving sodium.

Zona fasciculata

The layer of the adrenal cortex that produces glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone) to utilize fats and proteins for energy and increase blood glucose during stress.

Zona reticularis

The layer of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens (testosterone, estr.) involved in sex drive, bone density, muscle repair, coagulation, and blood vessel maintenance.

Adrenal medulla

The inner part of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine to increase alertness, anxiety, fear, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (BPM).

Estrogen

A hormone produced by the ovaries.

Testosterone

A hormone produced by the testicles.