progesterone

It’s widely recognized as a game-changer for pinpointing the prime breeding time.

progesterone

the process of OOGENESIS while the female herself is till an ___

embryo

oogenesis occurs in

ovaries

the sperm equivalent to oogonia

spermatogonia

the sperm equivalent to oocytes

spermatocytes

oogenesis is directly controlled by 4 hormones

1. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

2. luteinizing hormone (LH)

3. progesterone

4. estrogen

refers tot he release of eggs and the menstrual cycle refers to the activities in the uterine lining in preparation for possible pregnancy

ovarian cycle

activates follies within the ovary to PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF EGG CELLS, causing eggs to finish MEIOSIS I and pause during MEIOSIS II

FSH

promotes release of the MATURE EGG (or in rare cases, eggs) resulting in OVULATION

LH

suppress the release of more FSH or LH to BLOCK ACTIVATOION of NEW FOLLICLES allowing time for the ovulated egg to be fertilized in the OVIDUCT and then travel to the uterus where it will implant if previously fertilized

progesterone

can be thought as an ENHANCER OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE; it enhances the activation of the follicles in response to PROGESTERONE

estrogen

The ovarian cycle lasts approximately__ days on average

28

This is the first half of the ovarian cycle, named for the fact that the dominant feature is the activated follicles.

follicular phase

occurs near the middle of the cycle (approximately day 14 in human), when the high level of estrogen (produced by the developing follicles) causes a rapid rise and sharp spikes in levels of LH and FSH too a lesser degree (both released from the pituitary in the brain).

ovulation

named for the fact that the dominant feature is the corpus luteum, the structure remains from the ruptured follicle

luteal phase

causes the corpus luteum to remain instead of degrading, which in turn causes the ovary to continue high levels of progesterone.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

unique to pregnancy, it is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.

hCG

prepares the reproductive tract for breeding.

estrogen

It causes the vagina to thicken and diapedesis of red blood cells to occur.

estrogen

biological trigger for ovulation in mammals, which we denote as “Day 0.”

LH

baseline prior to the LH surge.

PROGESTERONE

Typically, bitches are most fertile the last ___ days before they go out of heat.

3 to 4

progesterone (ng/ml)? Anestrus or Proestrus

Proestrus and Early Estrus Pre- LH surge

1-2

LH surge

2-3

Post-LH surge, preovulation

3.1 -4.9

At or near ovulation

5-8

In fertile period

8-10 and above

Retest in 3-4 days

Anestrus or Proestrus

Retest in 2 days

Proestrus and Early Estrus Pre- LH surge

Aim for breeding on this day and for another 2-3 days hereafter

in fertile period

The oocytes start the process of ____, and then pause during ___

1. meiosis

2. meiosis I

The oocytes remain paused in meiosis I until the onset of ____

PUBERTY

After completing meiosis I, the oocyte pauses during

MEIOSIS II

If the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm cell, it will finish _____ to produce a single ____

1. MEIOSIS II

2. FERTILIZED EGG/ ZYGOTE

The oocyte undergoes a process called _____, meaning it divides unequally so that almost all the cytoplasm goes into only in daughter cell rather than evenly distributed in both.

UNEQUAL CYTOKINESIS

FSH is being released by the pituitary in the brain. The slowly rising levels of FSH prompt the follicles n the surface of the ovary to grow and begin maturing the egg inside for ovulation.

FOLLICULAR PHASE

It takes about ____days for an egg to travel through the oviduct from the ovary to the uterus, and it must be fertilized while in the oviduct. If the egg is fertilized, it will complete meiosis II, producing a single mature (and fertilized) egg.

7

IN LUTEAL PHASE: THE CORPUS LETEUM produces

1. progesterone

2. estrogeb

prepares the reproductive tract for breeding. It causes the vagina to thicken and diapedesis of red blood cells to occur. This is the part of the estrous period that is highly variable bitch to bitch

estrogen

To estimate the timing of the LH surge, ovulation, and fertile period

serum progesterone assay

canine estrous (reproductive cycle) 4 stages

1. proestrus

2. estrus

3. diestrus

4. anestrus

stage that most owners start noticing changes and when we say "the dog is in heat

proestrus

proestrus duration

9 days

can range anywhere from 0-27 days.  This is when males dogs will be attracted to the female, but she will not be receptive. 

proestrus

is the stage when the female is receptive to the male

estrus

is the stage following estrus and the female is no longer receptive to the male

diestrus

the time between diestrus and the next proestrus

anestrus