Exam 3 Practice Problems

Which of the following adaptations is common to all seed plants?

a. Ovules

b. Pollen

c. Reduced gametophyte

d. Heterospory

e. All are correct

e. All are correct

Which of the following is true of seed plants but not seedless plants

The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte

The cells within pollen grains are __________ and together comprise the __________

haploid ... male gametophyte

What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones?

sporangia

Each pollen grain of a gymnosperm contains a __________.

male gametophyte

In ovulate cones, megasporocytes undergo __________ and produce __________ megaspores.

meiosis ... haploid

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always __________.

produces spores

The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the __________

stigma

During pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the __________ to the __________.

anther ... stigma

Which of the following best describes the function of fruits?

protection and dispersal of seeds

A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if ________

pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant

In angiosperms, the pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the _________

union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and of the other sperm nucleus with two nuclei of the central cell, forming a triploid nucleus called the endosperm

Of the following, which is a difference in how reproduction occurs in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms?

Only the sperm of angiosperms combine with two central cell nuclei to form triploid endosperm.

In angiosperms, the triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the _________

endosperm

Which of the following lists of features characterizes eudicots?

two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present

Leaves occur at intervals along the plant stem. What is the region where a leaf is attached to the stem?

petiole

A region of dividing cells in a plant is called a __________

meristem

Which example below is the site of primary growth that results in the plant’s increasing in height?

apical meristems

Most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in specialized __________ cells called the _________.

parenchyma ... mesophyll

A cross section of a plant part exposes epidermis, a thick cortex, and a central cylinder of xylem and phloem. This part is a __________.

root

Which of the following correctly describes a feature unique to monocot stems?

Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.

In most leaves, chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted in the __________.

palisade mesophyll

Guard cells __________

are responsible for gas exchange through the stomata

In the alternation of generations in plants, __________

the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through mitosis and cellular

differentiation

Which association below is correct?

a. stamens, development of female gametophytes

b. stamens, development of filament and anther

c. sepals, containment of sporangia

d. carpels, attraction of pollinators

e. carpels, development of male gametophytes

b. stamens, development of filament and anther

Which two structures of a flower bear sporangia?

ovules and anthers

A generative cell and a tube cell originate when __________

a microspore undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis

What is the purpose of synergids in an ovule?

Synergids help to attract and guide the pollen tube to the embryo sac

In an environment that is very stable, with reliable moisture and temperature, what type of reproduction would be most advantageous for a plant and why?

asexual reproduction, because it ensures that the gene combinations that have proven to adapt the plant well to the environment will be passed on to the next generation

Which of the following accurately describes double fertilization in angiosperms?

One sperm fuses the egg, one sperm fuses with the polar nuclei

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

ith respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome

count?

a. egg—n

b. sperm—n

c. zygote—2n

d. microspore—n

e. megaspore—2n

megaspore—2n

A life cycle that exhibits alternation of generations has the following:

multicellular haploid organisms and multicellular diploid organisms

In plants, the ________ produces haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by mitosis, whereas the ________ produces haploid spores by meiosis

gametophyte; sporophyte

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

haploid spores

Which one of the following statements is true?

a. Monocot stems have scattered vascular tissue, whereas eudicot stems have vascular tissue arranged in a ring.

b. Monocot flowers are orange, yellow, or red, whereas eudicot flowers are blue or purple.

c. Monocots have one conidium, whereas eudicots have two.

d. Monocot pollen is larger than eudicot pollen.

a. Monocot stems have scattered vascular tissue, whereas eudicot stems have vascular tissue arranged in a ring

Two unique reproductive adaptations of angiosperms are

flowers and fruits.

In moving to land, which of the following challenges did plants have to overcome?

Desiccation

Alternation of generations _________.

Is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

The development of the _______ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.

cuticle

The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in ________

Moss

When you see a green, “leafy” moss, you are looking at the ________

Gametophyte generation

Which of the following produces eggs and sperm?

Moss gametophytes

Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) _______ and down the neck of a(n) ________.

Antheridium … archegonium

The gametophyte generation of a moss _______

is haploid

How are gametes produced by bryophytes?

By mitosis of gametophyte cells

In which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo?

Archegonium

In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) ____________

Antheridium

In the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ contains an egg) is called a(n) ___________

Archegonium

What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls?

They increase the surface area for photosynthesis

The “dots” on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?

It is a sporophyte.

To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _______.

The sporangia

Vascular tissues of plants include _________.

A. Cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting organic molecules

B. Xylem for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting water and minerals

C. Lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars

D. Phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting organic molecules

E. Xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules

E. Xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules

Heterosporous plants produce ________

Megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are _________

Megaphylls