HA Test 1

What is the difference between subjective and objective data in nursing?

Subjective data is information reported by the patient, while objective data is measurable and observable information collected by the nurse.

What are the steps of the nursing process?

The steps are Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

When is it appropriate to collect subjective data from a patient?

It is appropriate to collect subjective data when gathering the patient's history, symptoms, emotions, and personal experiences.

What does it mean to objectively chart patient observations?

To objectively chart means to record information in a factual manner without personal opinions or biases.

What are the components of the general survey in a health assessment?

The components include appearance, behavior, mobility, and vital signs.

What are the characteristics of culturally competent care?

Culturally competent care respects and responds to the cultural needs of patients.

What are some effective interview techniques in nursing?

Effective techniques include active listening, open-ended questions, and creating a comfortable environment.

What is the purpose of interpreter services in healthcare?

Interpreter services help facilitate communication between healthcare providers and patients who do not speak the same language.

What questions should you ask when performing a detailed pain assessment?

Ask about the location, intensity, quality, duration, alleviating and aggravating factors of the pain.

What is the difference between the diaphragm and bell of the stethoscope and when should each be used?

The diaphragm is used for high-frequency sounds like breath and heart sounds, while the bell is used for low-frequency sounds such as certain heart murmurs.

What are the techniques used in physical assessment?

The techniques include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

What are the steps to ensure patient comfort during a physical examination?

Ensure privacy, provide warm instruments, and explain each step of the examination.

What are the legal and ethical responsibilities of nurses when abuse is suspected?

Nurses are required to report suspected abuse and document findings appropriately.

What does the acronym PQRST stand for in nursing assessments?

PQRST stands for Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing.

What are the normal ranges for vital signs?

Normal ranges for adults: Temperature 98.6°F (37°C), Pulse 60-100 bpm, Respiration 12-20 breaths/min, Blood Pressure <120/80 mmHg.

What is considered hypertension?

Hypertension is defined as blood pressure readings consistently greater than 130/80 mmHg.

What key questions should you ask when assessing allergies?

Inquire about known allergies, reactions to allergens, and if they have been treated for their allergies.

What is the ABCDE rule in skin assessment?

The ABCDE rule is a guideline for assessing moles: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving.

What are warning signs of physical abuse that a nurse should recognize?

Warning signs may include unexplained injuries, frequent visits to healthcare providers, and behavioral changes.

What are the expected findings for skin color, and what do unexpected variations indicate?

Expected findings vary by skin tone; unexpected variations may indicate underlying health issues.

How is skin turgor assessed?

Skin turgor is assessed by pinching the skin and observing for elasticity and return to position.

What is the difference between pitting and non-pitting edema?

Pitting edema leaves a depression when pressed, while non-pitting edema does not leave a mark.

What do the letters in the PQRST acronym represent?

P: Provocation, Q: Quality, R: Region/Radiation, S: Severity, T: Timing.

What is the classification of BMI and what do the categories indicate?

BMI is classified as Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight, and Obesity, indicating body fat level.

What are factors that can influence body temperature levels?

Factors include time of day, physical activity, illness, and hormonal changes.

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic pressure is the force of blood against artery walls during heartbeats, while diastolic pressure is the force during the heart's rest period.