Unit 3 Periodic Table

What is Periodic Law?

states that when the elements are organized in increasing atomic number, there is a repeating pattern of physical and chemical properties

Who made the first Periodic Table?

Dmitri Mendeleev

What was Mendeleev’s Periodic Table based on?

Periodicity and atomic masses

What are the pros of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

organized the elements into similarly reacting groups

predicted existence of elements yet to be discovered. Also predicted their masses and chemical properties

What are the cons of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

based on increasing atomic mass which could not explain elements having non sequential masses

Who made the first Periodic Table based on increasing atomic number?

HGJ Moseley

What is todays table based on?

increasing atomic numbers

electron configuration

How can todays table be read?

by rows and by columns

What are the rows of the periodic table called?

periods

What does the period number tell?

how many Primary Energy Levels that all elements have on a particular row

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

groups or chemical families

What does the group number tell?

how many electrons are on the outer energy level for all elements in a group

How can groups be numbered?

numeric way (1-18) lazy way

Roman Numeral Way (IA-VIIIA)

What are the “A” columns called?

the Representative Elements

What are the “B” columns called?

the Transition Elements

What are the bottom 2 rows that are within a row called?

Inner Transition Elements

What is row 6 of the Inner Transition Elements called?

Lanthanides

What is row 7 of the Inner Transition Elements called?

Actinides

Where is the s block?

IA & IIA

Where is the p block?

IIIA-VIIIA

Where is the d block?

IIIB-IIB (Transition Elements)

Where is the f block?

rows at the bottom of the Periodic Table (Inner Transition Elements)

How are these blocks determined (s,p,d,f)?

by where the outermost electrons are located (sub-energy leve-wise) in the elements found in the block

What is the Octet Rule?

states that all elements desire a filled outer energy level, which for most elements is 8 electrons

Where do you find elements that are stable therefore not reacting to other elements?

Column VIIIA Noble Gases

What is an ion?

atoms that have either lost or gained electrons to become stable

What is a cation?

a positively charged ion

What is an anion?

a negatively charged ion

What ionic charge does IA contain?

loses one electron +1

What ionic charge does IIA contain?

loses two electrons +2

What ionic charge does IIIA contain?

loses three electrons +3

What charge does IVA contain?

can lose/gain four electrons + - 4

What ionic charge does VA contain?

gains 3 electrons -3

What ionic charge does VIA contain?

gains 2 electrons -2

What ionic charge does VIIA contain?

gains 1 electron -1

What are the three classes of elements?

metals

nonmetals

metalloids

What do the classes of elements describe?

the general way an element becomes stable

What are metals?

elements that like to lose electrons to become stable

What are nonmetals?

elements that like to gain electrons to become stable

What are metalloids?

elements that either lose or gain electrons to become stable. most of the time they share electrons

What is the staircase on the Periodic Table?

it divides the metals and nonmetals. also the metalloids are found along the staircase

What is IA’s chemical family?

Alkali Metals (except H)

What is IIA’s chemical family?

Alkaline Earth Metals

What is IIIA’s chemical family?

Boron Family

What is IVA’s chemical family?

Carbon Family

What is VA’s chemical family?

Nitrogen Family

What is VIA’s chemical family?

Oxygen Family

What is VIIA’s chemical family?

Halogens

What is VIIIA’s chemical family?

Noble Gases

What is the acronym for columns IIIA-VIA?

“Bad City New Orleans”