PC 2 mod 2.1 lec 2 (intro to enterobacterales)

enterobacterales was first identified as _____ by Bartolome Bizia

serratia marcescens

enterobacterales ORDER is classified as

--> gram +/-

--> BACILLI/COCCI shape

--> ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC/FACULTATIVE

--> LACTOSE/NON-LACTOSE

--> OXIDASE +/OXIDASE -

- gram -

- bacilli

- faculatative anaerobe

- lactose +

- oxidase -

lactose+ classification means that bacteria can ______ sugar (glucose or lactose), then create ______ byproduct, +/- _____ which can be found on a ___ indicator

- ferment

- acidic +/- gas

- pH

oxidase test negative of bacteria means the bacteria CAN/CANNOT accept electrons

cannot

oxidase test determines if bacteria possess _____ or ______ to catalyze transport of _____ from donors to acceptor

--> reagent used in artificial ______

- cytochrome oxidase

- indophenol oxidase

- electrons

- electron acceptor

oxidase test positive if electron donor using _____ is given to electron acceptor using ______

- NADH

- O2

mucoid is found on ______ plate when mixed with _____ it turns into _____ form

- blood agar

- KOH

- viscous

_____ is found from blood agar plate when mixed with KOH it forms viscous form

mucoid

_____ is a biochemical test to see if there are glucose fermentation producing products and it finds acetoin/butylene glycol if positive

voges-proskauer

voges-proskaur biochemical test is used to look for _____ producing products and _____ is found if positive

- glucose fermentation

- acetoin/butylene glycol

hydrogen sulfide test is used to detect ______ if positive

colorless H2S

O-antigen is...

K-antigen is...

H-antigen is...

- LPS side chain

- capsule

- flagella

inner cytoplasmic membrane is impermeable to...

polar molecules

_____ is space between inner and outer membrane where peptidoglycan is found

periplasmaic space

outer membrane has _____ inner leaflet and _____ outer leaflet

- phospholipid

- LPS

LPS is resistant to _____ or ______

- heat

- alcohol

LPS contains...

--> ______ endotoxin

--> core _____

--> repeating _____

- lipid A

- phosphorylated oligosaccharides

- repeating oligosaccharide side chain (o-antigen)

o-antigen contains ____ + ______

- lipids + oligosaccharides

lipid A is recognized by...

host PRR

do all bacteria under order enterobacterales have capsule?

no

capsule is the ___-antigen

K

capsule is an envelope of surface _____ and repeating _______ bonded to the LPS and/or ______

- polysaccharides + trisaccharides

- phosphoglyceride

capsules are able to mask ____ from antibodies

o-antigen

5 virulence factors some enterobacterales order may express

- LPS and capsule

- adhesins

- secretion system and toxins

- iron acquisition

- plasmids

adhesins bind SELECTIVELY/NONSELECTIVELY to receptors on host to overcome _______

- selectively

- electrostatic repulsion

_____ are rigid rod (pili) of FimA protein that binds to mannose residues on glycoproteins/glycolipid on host

fimbriae

fimbriae are rigid _____ of _____ protein that binds to _____ residues on _____ on host

- rod(pili)

- FimA

- mannose

- glycolipids/proteins

_____ proteins and ______ can serves as adhesive properties for bacteria

- outer membrane

- surface carbohydrates

toxins can be released into environment and directed at host cells, and one is called ______ which can induce _____

SPATE (serine protease autotransporter)

lysis

type 1 SPATE secretion: _____

type 2 SPATE secretion: variety of _____

type 3 SPATE secretion: exports and ____ into cell

- hemolysin

- enzymes

- injects

extrachromosomal, autonomously replicating DNA

plasmid

can plasmid transfer between different genera? species?

yes

plasmid can use transports like _____ to transport antibiotics out of cell or break down antimicrobials

SPATE

enterobacterales order produce _______ as intrinsic resistance which consists of ______ and _____

- beta-lactamase

- penicillinase

- AmpC producer

penicillinase breaks down... (2)

penicillin and ampicillin

AmpC breaks down...

most cephalosporins (very strong)

extrinsic resistance of enterobacterales order is ____-mediated, and includes _____ and _____

- plasmid

- ESBL (extended spectrum beta latamase)

- mutational alteration at target site

mutational alteration at target site effects ______ and ____ antibiotics and is EXTRINSIC/INTRINSIC

- fluoroquinilones

- aminoglycosides

- extrinsic

beta-lactamase is INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC resistance

BOTHHHH

enterobacterales produce _____ and ______ as intrinsic resistance, and ______ and _____ as extrinsic resistance which is plasmid mediated

- AmpC

- penicillinase

- ESBL

- target site mutations