Chapter 5 - Milady Standard Esthetics: Fundamentals - Infection Control: Principles and Practices

Estheticians are allowed to recommend treatments for infections and certain diseases.

True

False

False

Cleaning and disinfecting mean the same thing.

True

False

False

Most bacteria are nonpathogenic.

True

False

True

Spores are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold.

True

False

True

Conjunctivitis is a contagious disease.

True

False

True

Implements must be cleaned before they are disinfected.

True

False

True

Most salons and spas require estheticians to sterilize all of their instruments.

True

False

False

A person can be infected with HIV for many years and show no symptoms.

True

False

True

Spirilla are the most common type of bacteria.

True

False

False

Scabies is caused by the itch mite.

True

False

True

Cocci

Cocci

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Diplococci

Bacilli

Spirilla

Fungi

Plant parasites that can cause contagious diseases

Common cold

An example of a virus

Mildew

An example of a fungus

Bacteria

Can be pathogenic or nonpathogenic

Germs

Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms

Parasites

Organisms that cannot live on their own

Toxins

Poisonous substances produced by some bacteria and viruses

Viruses

Submicroscopic particle that infects the cells of an organism

Head lice

An example of a parasite

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available only through OSHA.

True

False

False

Bacteria can exist almost anywhere.

True

False

True

Most bacteria are pathogenic or harmful.

True

False

False

A systemic infection is an infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout the body or a system of the body rather than staying in one body area or organ.

True

False

True

Hepatitis is a blood-borne virus.

True

False

True

Spirilla are the most common type of bacteria.

True

False

False

Natural immunity is immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease.

True

False

False

The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens is called a (an) _______.

a.inflammation

b.parasite

c.infection

d.virus

c.infection

Bacteria grow and reproduce during the _____ stage.

a.inactive

b.active

c.biological

d.spore-forming

b.active

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, initially appears as a ________ that can be difficult to cure.

a.skin infection

b.fever

c.eye infection

d.persistent cough

a.skin infection

A _____ is a colony of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body, and secrete a sticky, protective coating that cements them together, making them hard to penetrate.

a.bacterial spore

b.biofilm

c.fungus

d.toxin

b.biofilm

Head lice are a type of ______ infection.

a.bacterial

b.viral

c.fungal

d.parasitic

d.parasitic

Bacteria that are _____ are harmless organisms that may perform useful functions.

a.nonpathogenic

b.pathogenic

c.nonactive

d.systemic

a.nonpathogenic

A(n) _____ can only live and reproduce by taking over other cells and becoming part of them.

a.virus

b.mold

c.bacteria

d.infection

a.virus

A(n) _____ is a single-cell organism that grows in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts.

a.pathogen

b.virus

c.allergy

d.fungus

d.fungus

A local infection is one that is _______ to a particular part of the body.

a.spread

b.confined

c.open

d.attached

b.confined

Historically, MRSA occurred most frequently in people who have _______immune systems or who had undergone medical procedures.

a.contaminated

b.disrupted

c.weakened

d.acquired

c.weakened

Phenolics

Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

be corrosive to metals and plastics and can cause skin irritation and eye damage

Cleaning

Removing visible dirt and debris and many disease-causing germs with soap and water or detergent and water

Efficacy

The ability to produce an effect

Decontamination

Removal of blood and all other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface

Disinfectants

Pesticides and can be harmful if absorbed through the skin

Bioburden

the number of variable organisms in or on an object or surface before decontamination or sterilization

What is the term for short rod-shaped bacteria?

a.cocci

b.flagella

c.spirilla

d.bacilli

d.bacilli

What is the term for pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes?

a.streptococci

b.staphylococci

c.flagella

d.diplococci

b.staphylococci

What is the term for slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion?

a.staphylococci

b.mycobacterium fortuitum

c.diplococci

d.flagella

d.flagella

What is mycobacterium fortuitum?

a.a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers

b.round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups

c.spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases

d.spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases

a.a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers

What is a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics?

a.mycobacterium fortuitum

b.human papilloma virus

c.human immunodeficiency virus

d.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

d.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Why is it important to know the difference between rules and laws?

a.you are only required to obey laws, rules are simply guidelines

b.laws only matter to manufacturers, you only deal with rules

c.rules are general guidelines, whereas laws are much more specific

d.rules and regulations are more specific than laws

d.rules and regulations are more specific than laws

What is the main function of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?

a.generate income for makers of workplace safety equipment

b.regulate and enforce safety standards to protect employees at work

c.generate Material Safety Data Sheets for new products

d.administrate unemployment reporting and payments

b.regulate and enforce safety standards to protect employees at work

What are the 4 organisims that Estheticians need to know about?

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites

Where do you find information about the possible hazards and safe use of products?

a.Product Safety Data Sheets

b.Material Use Instructions Lists

c.Product Use Instructions Lists

d.Material Safety Data Sheets

d.Material Safety Data Sheets

Who in the salon is required to read all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and verify having done so?

a.all employees

b.only estheticians

c.only managers

d.only janitorial workers

a.all employees

What agency registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States?

a.OSHA

b.EPA

c.USDA

d.FDA

b.EPA

Which federal agency studies diseases and provides guidance to prevent their spread?

a.CDC

b.OSHA

c.EPA

d.FDA

a.CDC

What did the CDC introduce in 1985 as a response to the major public health crisis of AIDS?

a.Universal Precautions

b.Standard Precautions

c.Universal Preventions

d.Standard Preventions

a.Universal Precautions

What replaced the Universal Precautions in 1996?

a.Universal Provisions

b.Global Provisions

c.Standard Precautions

d.Global Precautions

c.Standard Precautions

What is the basic assumption underlying Standard Precautions (SP)?

a.estheticians with common sense need take no further precautions

b.it is only necessary to use precautions around sick people

c.washing thoroughly after every client is all the precaution you need

d.all body fluids are potential sources of infection

d.all body fluids are potential sources of infection

What system requires that personal protective equipment (PPE) be worn for contact with all body fluids, even if blood is not visible?

a.body fluid avoidance (BFA)

b.internal fluid isolation (IFI)

c.body substance isolation (BSI)

d.internal fluid avoidance (IFA)

c.body substance isolation (BSI)

What is the most common method of spreading infection?

a.touching

b.kissing

c.coughing

d.sneezing

a.touching

Standard Precautions (SP) apply to all body fluids and secretions except what?

a.breast milk

b.excretions

c.blood

d.sweat

d.sweat

What is required by Standard Precautions (SP) if the splashing of body fluids is likely?

a.apply a mask, eyewear, or gown

b.wear a containment suit

c.angle yourself away from the client

d.avoid services with possible splashing

a.apply a mask, eyewear, or gown

What is the first step in responding to an exposure incident?

a.stop the service

b.stop the bleeding

c.bandage the cut

d.remove your gloves

a.stop the service

What is the last step in responding to an exposure incident?

a.stopping the bleeding

b.discarding instruments

c.removing your gloves

d.recommending the client see a physician if symptoms develop

d.recommending the client see a physician if symptoms develop

What sort of bandage should you use after the bleeding has stopped when responding to an exposure incident?

a.gauze

b.adhesive

c.cloth

d.paper

b.adhesive

What is a basic element of first aid that every esthetician should know?

a.cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

b.how to use a defibrillator

c.how to sew an incision closed

d.how to apply a neck brace

a.cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Who should you call as soon as possible after any accident has occurred?

a.the salon owner

b.your lawyer

c.the police

d.EMTs

d.EMTs

How many levels of burns are there?

a.three

b.four

c.five

d.six

b.four

What type of burn always requires medical attention?

a.first degree

b.second degree

c.third degree

d.fourth degree

d.fourth degree

What is a virus?

a.illness resulting from conditions associated with employment

b.a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects

c.disease that affects the body as a whole

d.a parasitic particle that infects and resides in body cells

d.a parasitic particle that infects and resides in body cells

What are toxins?

a.spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that causes diseases such as syphilis

b.any organisms of microscopic or submicroscopic size

c.diseases produced by organisms

d.various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms

d.various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms

What is tinea barbae?

a.superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin

b.fungus of the foot

c.fluid created by infection

d.parasitic particle that resides in the cells of biological organisms

a.superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin

What is the term for a disease that affects the body as a whole?

a.body disease

b.overall disease

c.systemic disease

d.total disease

c.systemic disease

Natural immunity is resistance to disease that is

a.only inherited

b.solely the result of healthy living

c.partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

d.acquired through immunizations

c.partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

What is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite?

a.scabies

b.pus

c.mildew

d.folliculitis barbae

a.scabies

What term refers to items made or constructed of a material that has openings?

a.hypoallergenic

b.porous

c.nonabsorbent

d.nonporous

b.porous

What is the chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces called?

a.scrubbing

b.disinfection

c.sanitation

d.sterilization

c.sanitation

What is a microorganism?

a.any organism that you need to look closely to see

b.a very small part of a larger organism

c.any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

d.an organism that is incomplete unless joined to other organisms

c.any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

What term refers to the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection?

a.immunity

b.integrity

c.resilience

d.strength

a.immunity

What is infection?

a.the ability of the body to destroy and resist disease

b.the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

c.the process that completely destroys all microbial life

d.resistance to disease that is partly inherited

b.the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

What is inflammation?

a.a fluid created by infection

b.superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin

c.a contagious disease caused by the itch mite

d.condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection

d.condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection

What is the term for the process that completely destroys all microbial life?

a.cleaning

b.disinfection

c.sanitation

d.sterilization

d.sterilization

What is mildew?

a.fungus of the foot

b.invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

c.fluid created by infection

d.type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects

d.type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects

What is the term for a disease produced by organisms?

a.organism disease

b.pathogenic disease

c.pathological disease

d.physical disease

b.pathogenic disease

What is pus?

a.fungus of the foot

b.parasitic particle that infects the cells of biological organisms

c.fluid created by infection

d.type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects

c.fluid created by infection

What is occupational disease?

a.disease that occupies the body

b.disease that occupies the organs

c.illness related to occupying an enclosed space

d.illness related to conditions associated with employment

d.illness related to conditions associated with employment

What is the term for a fungus of the foot?

a.scabies

b.spirilla

c.folliculitis barbae

d.tinea pedis

d.tinea pedis

What is tuberculosis?

a.fungus of the foot

b.superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin

c.type of fungus that affects plants

d.disease transmitted through coughing or sneezing

d.disease transmitted through coughing or sneezing

What does virucidal mean?

a.capable of carrying viruses

b.capable of destroying viruses

c.capable of detecting viruses

d.capable of infection by viruses

b.capable of destroying viruses

Where do bacteria multiply best?

a.bright places

b.cool places

c.dirty places

d.dry places

c.dirty places

What is an example of a contagious disease?

a.cancer

b.diabetes

c.leukemia

d.ringworm

d.ringworm

What does asymptomatic mean?

a.having an acquired immunity to certain symptoms

b.having a natural immunity to certain symptoms

c.showing new signs or symptoms of infection

d.showing no signs or symptoms of infection

d.showing no signs or symptoms of infection

What is an allergy?

a.presence of blood or other potentially hazardous material

b.disease-causing microorganism carried in the body by blood

c.reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain substances

d.number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface

c.reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain substances

What is bioburden?

a.the number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface

b.an extreme reaction to a normally harmless substance

c.the presence of blood or other potentially hazardous material

d.disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood

a.the number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface