Water Properties and Chemical Quantities Vocabulary

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes detailing the thermal and chemical properties of water, atomic masses, moles, Avogadro's number, and solution molarity.

Heat of vaporization

The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram to be converted to the gaseous state. For water, hydrogen bonds must be broken between water molecules, giving it a high heat of vaporization of $~ 540\,\text{cal/g}$.

Evaporative cooling

The cooling of a liquid's surface when the liquid changes to a gaseous state.

Cohesion

The linking of one molecule to another of the same type of molecule, usually with hydrogen bonds (e.g., water molecule to water molecule).

Adhesion

The linking of one molecule to another of a different type of molecule (e.g., water molecule to glass molecule).

Density of water

Property where water is densest at $4\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ and expands as it cools from $4\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ to $0\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ due to hydrogen bonding, causing ice to float and preventing deep bodies of water from freezing from the bottom up.

Molecular weight/mass

The sum of the atomic masses/weights of all the atoms in a molecule, expressed in units known as daltons.

Mole

The amount of a substance that has a mass in grams equivalent to its molecular weight/mass in daltons.

Avogadro's number

The principle that a mole of any substance contains the same number of molecules, specifically $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ molecules.

Molarity (M)

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.