Bio Exam 2 Terms (Chapters 5-7)

α (alpha) carbon

Amino group

Carboxyl group

Side chain

R Group

Peptide bond

Amino end

Carboxyl end

Polypeptide

Protein

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

Alpha helix

Beta sheet

Denature

Chaperone

Translation

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Ribosome

A (aminoacyl) site

P (peptidyl) site

E (exit) site

Codon

Reading frame

Anticodon

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Genetic code

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

Initiation factor

Elongation factor

Release factor

Polycistronic mRNA

Operon

Protein family

Folding domain

Mutation

Selections

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Phototroph

Chemotroph

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Metabolism

Catabolism

Anabolism

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Entropy

Gibbs free energy

Exergonic

Endergonic

Transition state

Activation energy

Substrate

Active site

Inhibitor

Activator

Allosteric enzyme

Negative feedback

Cellular respiration

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron carrier

Electron transport chain

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Gycolysis

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

ATP synthase

Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation

Ethanol fermentation

Glycogen

Starch

Beta-oxidation