HA&P: Chapter 7 - Part 2

What bone are fused medially and forms the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton and is considered the keystone bones of the facial skeleton?

Maxillary bones, or Maxillae

The maxillae carries the upper teeth in what?

Alveolar processes

Just inferior to the nose the maxillae meet medially that forms what at their junction?

Anterior nasal spine

This of the maxillae project posteriorly from the alveolar processes and fuses medially, forming the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate, or bony roof of the mouth?

Palatine processes

What is posterior to the teeth that is a midline foramen that leads into the incisive canal that is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Incisive fossa

This process extends superiorly to the frontal bone that forms part of the lateral aspects of the bridge of the nose?

Frontal processes

The regions that flank the nasal cavity laterally contain what that is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and extends from the orbits to the roots of the upper teeth?

Maxillary sinuses

Laterally the maxillae articulate with the zygomatic bone via what?

Zygomatic processes

What is located deep within the orbit at the junction of the maxilla with the greater wing of the sphenoid and it permits the zygomatic nerve, the maxillary nerve, and blood vessels to pass to the face?

Inferior orbital fissure

This is below the eye socket on each side that allows the infraorbital nerve and artery to reach the face?

Infraorbital foramen

These are irregularly shaped that are commonly called cheekbones that form the prominences of the cheeks and part of the inferolateral margins of the orbits?

Zygomatic bones

Zygomatic bones articulate a.________ with the zygomatic processes of the temporal bons, b.________ with the zygomatic processes of the frontal bone, and c.________ with the zygomatic processes of maxillae

a. Posteriorly

b. Superiorly

c. Anteriorly

This kind of bones are fused medially, forming the bridge of the nose and it articulates with the frontal bone superiorly, the maxillary bones laterally, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone posteriorly, and inferiorly attach to the cartilages?

Nasal bones

This kind bones contributes to the medial walls of each orbit and they articulate with the frontal bone superiorly, the ethmoid bone posteriorly, and the maxillae anteriorly?

Lacrimal bones

Each lacrimal bone contains a deep groove that helps form what that houses the lacrimal sac that is part of the passageway that allows tears to drain from the eye surface into the nasal cavity?

Lacrimal fossa

This kind of bone are L-shaped that is fashioned from two bony plates that are horizontal and perpendicular?

Palatine bone

Which plate in the palatine bone are joined at the median palatine suture, that completes the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Horizontal plates

What other plate in the palatine bone forms part of the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity and a small part of the orbits?

Perpendicular (vertical) plates

This bone lies in the nasal cavity where it forms part of the nasal septum?

Vomer

These bones are thin, curved bones that project medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity just inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone and are the largest of the three pairs of conchae?

Inferior nasal conchae

What bone lies in the anterior neck just inferior to the mandible and looks like a miniature version of it and is anchored by the narrow stylohyoid ligaments to the styloid processes of the temporal bones?

Hyoid bone

These are cone-shaped that are bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue and house the muscles that move the eyes and the tear-producing lacrimal glands?

Orbits

This is constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage, which the roof of this is formed by the cribriform plates of the ethmoid and the lateral walls are largely shaped by the superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid bone, the perpendicular plates of the palatine bones, and the inferior nasal conchae?

Nasal cavity

What are the depressions under cover of the conchae on the lateral walls?

Meatuses

What do the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and paired maxillary bones contain that are mucosa-lined, air-filled sinuses?

Paranasal sinuses

This can be called the spine or spinal column that consists of 26 irregular bones connected that extends from the skull to the pelvis and surrounds and protects the delicate spinal cord and provides attachment points for the ribs?

Vertebral column

In the vertebral column it consists of 33 bones, or to what it can be called what?

Vertebrae

The seven vertebrae of the neck are the a._________, the next 12 are the b.___________, and five supporting the lower back are the c.___________

a. Cervical vertebrae

b. Thoracic vertebrae

c. Lumbar vertebrae

This is inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that articulates with the hip bones?

Sacrum

What is the terminus of the vertebral column?

Coccyx

When you view the vertebral column from the side a. what two curvatures are concave posteriorly and b. are convex posteriorly?

a. Cervical and Lumbar curvatures

b. Thoracic and Sacral curvatures

What are the supporting ligaments that run as continuous bands down the front and back surfaces of the vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum?

Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments

These connect adjacent vertebrae, that contains elastic connective tissue and is strong and it stretches as we bend forward and then recoils when we resume an erect posture?

Ligamentum flavum

This is of a a. cushionlike pad composed of two parts of a b. that acts like a rubber ball, that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility and c. is a strong collar composed of collagen fibers superficially and fibrocartilage internally that surrounds b.?

a. Intervertebral disc

b. Nucleus pulposus

c. Anulus fibrosus

This involves rupture of the anulus fibrosus followed by protrusion of the spongy nucleus pulposus through the anulus?

Herniated (prolapsed) disc

This kind of curvature can be called a hunchback, is a dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature and is common in elderly people?

Kyphosis

What kind of curvature can be called a swayback, and is an accentuated lumbar curvature?

Lordosis

This kind of curvature is an abnormal rotation of the spine that results in a lateral curvature?

Scoliosis

What does each vertebrae consists of?

Body, or centrum, anteriorly and a vertebral arch posteriorly

What do the body and the vertebral arch enclose that is an opening?

Vertebral foramen

What does the successive vertebral foramina of the articulated vertebrae form that goes through which the spinal cord passes?

Vertebral canal

What part of the vertebral arch are short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body, that form the sides of the arch?

Pedicles

What part of the vertebral arch are flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, that complete the arch posteriorly?

Laminae

What do the pedicles have that are notches on their superior and inferior borders that provide lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae?

Intervertebral foramina

This is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of the two laminae?

Spinous process