Large animal neurology

What are the most common CNS disorders seen in large animals within tOSU

• encephalitic listeriosis

• polioencephalomalacia

• aberrant migrations of parasites

When assessing mental status of an animal it is important to find evidence differentiating _________ from ____________

• intracranial

• extracranial

In large animals abnormalities in the brainstem/thalmocortex alter ___________

behavior

List some brainstem disorders

• stupor

• somnolence

• coma

An animal separates from the herd, has no reaction to stimuli, is head pressing , and has shown some compulsive walking and blindness this leads you to believe the lesion could what two places

• thalamus

• cerebral cortex

What tests would allow you to evaluate the thalamocortex

• menace

• nasal sensation

• mental status

• proprioceptive positioning

An animal with severe cortical involvement might have ______________

cortical blindness

What are the 4 spinal reflexes that should be examined in large animals

• panniculus

• perineal

• patellar

• withdraw

What type of strabismus is present in PEM

dorsomedial strabismus

What cranial nerves are involved in symmetry of eye position

3,4,6

What cranial nerves are involved in pupil diameter symmetry

2,3

What cranial nerve dysfunction can cause strabismus

4

what cranial nerves are involved with symmetry of face

5,7

What cranial nerves are involved with finger straw into nasal passage

5,7

what single cranial nerve is involved with menace, PLR, palpebral, corneal reflexes

8

what cranial nerves are involved with the swallowing reflex

9,10,12

what cranial nerve is involved with tongue tone

12

What cranial nerve defects are present in listeriosis

5,7,8

A cow presents with hypersalivaiton, an ear droop on the right side alongside a head tilt, and a milk opaque eye. With all this information this leads you to believe the cow has what?

listeriosis

What are key features of listeriosis

• ear droop

• head tilt

• exposure keratitis

• autonomic system involvement

Listeriosis is a _________ disease

localizing

In order to diagnose listeriosis you must rule out what differential

middle/inner ear problems

What things could cause PEM

• thiamine deficiency

• salt poisoning

• sulfur intoxications

• lead toxicity

• thiaminases

• amprolium

What are clinical signs of PEM in large animals

• isolation

• clumsy

• blind/star gaizing

• recumbence

• abnormal gait

• paddling

Aberrant migration of parasites is common in _________

camelids

There is no _____ appendage in camelids

filiform

_____________ is not a common presentation in camelids

urolithiasis

There is no _________ in camelids

filiform appendage

The most telling diagnostic for abarent parasitic migration is what?

eosinophils present within the CSF