Plant Structure, Transport, and Nutrition

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing plant vascular tissue transport, floral structures, plant evolutionary trends, essential macronutrients and micronutrients, and cellular water relations.

Xylem transport

Uni-directional transport of water and nutrients using xylem tissue with no plant energy expenditure.

Phloem translocation

Bi-directional transport using phloem tissue that requires plant energy expenditure, where nutrients move from a source to a sink.

Plant evolutionary trends

Trends showing that the sporophyte has become larger and more complex over time, while the gametophyte has become smaller and less complex.

Calyx

The flower whorl consisting of sepals.

Corolla

The flower whorl consisting of petals.

Androecium

The male part of the flower containing stamens, which consist of the anther and filament.

Gynoecium

The female part of the flower containing carpels, which consist of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Potassium ($K$)

Nutrient involved with osmosis, ion balance, and the opening and closing of the leaf stomata.

Phosphorus ($P$)

Nutrient component of nucleic acids, ATP, and cell membrane phospholipids.

Calcium ($Ca$)

Nutrient component of the cell wall.

Sulfur ($S$)

Nutrient component of proteins and coenzymes.

Magnesium ($Mg$)

Nutrient component of chlorophyll that acts as an enzyme activator.

Molybdenum, Copper, and Zinc ($Mo$, $Cu$, $Zn$)

Plant micronutrients that function as enzyme cofactors.

Manganese ($Mn$)

Micronutrient enzyme cofactor involved with the chloroplast membrane and oxygen release during photosynthesis.

Chlorine ($Cl$)

Micronutrient involved in the splitting of $H_2O$ in photosynthesis and ion balance.

Boron ($B$)

Micronutrient enzyme cofactor, cell wall component, and factor in nucleic acid synthesis.

Iron ($Fe$)

Micronutrient enzyme cofactor, component of cytochromes, and necessary component for synthesis.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Turgid cell

A plant cell whose cytosol is full of water, causing the plasma membrane to push against the cell wall.

Plasmolyzed cell

A plant cell that has lost so much water that its turgor pressure is lost.

Transpiration

The movement of water through a plant, powered by a specific transport mechanism.