Nursing Mobility, Body Mechanics & Exercise: Chapter 34

What is the role of the skeletal system in movement?

Supports soft tissues, protects body components, furnishes surfaces for muscle attachment, provides storage for minerals and fat, and produces blood cells.

What are the types of freely movable joints?

Ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle.

Which classification describes the bones located in the wrist?

Short bones.

What are the classifications of bones by shape?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones.

What type of body movement is circumduction?

Moving a limb in a circular motion while the proximal end remains fixed.

What are the three types of muscles?

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth (or visceral).

What are important functions of muscles?

Motion, maintenance of posture, support, heat production.

How does the nervous system affect muscle contraction?

Neurons conduct impulses, the afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS, and efferent neurons convey responses to skeletal muscles.

What are postural reflexes?

Labyrinthine sense, proprioceptor sense, visual reflexes, extensor reflexes.

What factors can lead to patient handling injuries?

Uncoordinated lifts, high exertion, awkward postures, manual lifting, repetitive movements, standing for long periods.

What are the types of exercises?

Isotonic, isometric, isokinetic.

Is jogging an example of isometric exercise?

False.

What are the benefits of exercise to the cardiovascular system?

Increased heart efficiency, decreased heart rate and blood pressure, improved blood flow.

What are the benefits of exercise to the respiratory system?

Improved alveolar ventilation, decreased work of breathing.

What are the benefits of exercise to the musculoskeletal system?

Increased muscle efficiency and flexibility, increased coordination, reduced bone loss.

What are the risks related to exercise?

Precipitation of cardiac events, orthopedic discomfort, other health problems.

What effects does immobility have on the body?

Affects cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastrointestinal, urinary systems, skin, and psychosocial outlook.

What is the proper way to pick up an object?

Use proper body mechanics to prevent injury.

What equipment can assist in patient mobility?

Gait belts, stand-assist devices, lateral-assist devices, transfer chairs.

What is the oblique position?

A variation of the side-lying position that reduces pressure on the trochanter region.

What are mechanical aids for walking?

Walker, cane, braces, crutches.