Med terms ch 4

muscul/o - my/o - myos/o

Muscle

fasci/o

fascia

ten/o - tend/o - tendin/o

tendons

muscle fibers

long, slender cells that make up muscles

fascia

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

myofascial

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

tendon

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

ligaments

bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting one bone to another bone

patellar tendon

attaches to the bottom of the patella

achilles tendon

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle

aponeirosis

sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

skeletal muscle

many nuclei per fiber, striations

smooth muscle

spindle-shaped fiber, cell membrane

myocardial

centrally located nucleus, striations

skeletal muscles

attached to the bone of the skeleton and make body motions possible

voluntary muscles

conscious (voluntary) control over these muscles

striated muscles

the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance

striated

striped

smooth muscles

Located in the walls of internal organs, such as the digestive tract, blood vessels and ducts leading from glands - their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through the structures

involuntary muscles

under the control of the autonomic nervous system and are NOT under voluntary control

unstriated muscles

do NOT have the dark and light bands that produuce the striped appearance

visceral muscles

found in hollow structures such as the digestive and urinary systems

visceral

relating to the internal organs - found in large internal organs

myocardial muscles, myocardium, cardiac muscle

muscular walls of the heart

cardi

heart

Muscle intervention

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve - motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract when the stimulation stops- the muscle relaxes

neuromuscular

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

neur/o

nerve

antagonistic

refers to working in opposite to each other

Contraction

the tightening of a muscle as a muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and thicker, causing the center of the muscle to enlarge

belly

center

Relaxation

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form as a muscle relaxes it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer and enlarged

abductor

a muscle that moves a body part away from midline

adductor

a muscle that moves the body parts toward the midline

Flexor muscle

bends a limb at a joint

flex

bend

-ion

action

ex

away from

tens

stretch out

Extensor muscle

straightens a limb at a joint

Hyperextension

the extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

levator anguli oris

muscles of the face that raise the corners of the mouth into a smile

levator

muscle that raises a body part

depressor anguli oris

lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown

depressor

lower the body part

Axis

an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body

Rotator muscle

turns the body apart on its axis

Rotator cuff

the group of muscles in their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder

Plantar

pertaining to the soul of the foot

origin

where the muscle begins, and it is located near the midline of the body or on a less movable part of skeleton

insertion

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon It is more movable, and it is the furthest point from the midline of the body.

sternocleidomastoid muscle

helps spend the neck and rotate the head

stern/o

Breast bone

cleid/o

collarbone

flexor carpi muscles - extensor carpi muscles

pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible

carpi

wrist or wrist bones

pectoralis muscle

thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

pectoral

relating to the chest

lateralis

toward the side

vastus lereralis

large muscle toward the outer side of the leg

vastus

huge

medialis

toward the midline

vastus medialis

muscle toward the midline of the leg

oblique (internal - external)

slanted or at an angle

rectus

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

sphincter

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

anal sphincter

close to the anus

transverse

crosswise direction

biceps brachii - biceps

formed from two divisions

-ceps

head

triceps brachii - triceps

formed in three divisions

gluteus maximus

the largest muscle of the buttock

maximus

large or great

deltoid muscle

located on the shoulder, shaped like and inverted triangle

hamstring group

located in the back of the upper leg, consists of three muscles - biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

frontalis - occipitofrontalis

muscles in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

temporalis

muscles move the lower jaw up and close the mouth

masseter

The strongest in the body moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

pectoralis major

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

external and internal oblique muscles

are found in the abdomen

rectus abdominis

located on the side of the abdomen, this core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs

deltoid

forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

trapezius

muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

biceps brachii

Located in the anterior upper arm, flex the elbow

triceps brachii

located in the posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

rectus femoris

extends the leg at the knee and flexs the thigh at the hip joint

quadriceps femoris

made up of four muscles, including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee

hamstring group

is involved in knee flextion and hip extension

gastrocnemius

the calf muscle that flexs and bends the foot downward

exercise physiologist

A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

neurologist

a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function.

occupational therapist

helps enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction.

physiatrist

is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Rehabilitation

Restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.

physical therapist

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

sports medicine physician

specializes in the prevention and treatment of injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles for athletes and other active individuals.

Fasciitis

is inflammation of a fascia

Fibromyalgia

is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

fibr/o

fibrous tendon

Debilitating

means a condition causing weakness.