animal science key terms

animal science

branch of science dealing with domestic animals

agriculture

where domestic animals and plants are kept to produce for human needs

domestic

species that have been brought under human control and have adopted to life with humans

categories of animal science

genetics, nutrition, physiology, animal health, animal behavior, meat science, dairy product science, biotechnology

genetic

heredity and inherent characteristics

nutrition

how organisms take and use foodp

physiology

study of mechanisms of life

animal health

how diseases, parasites, etc. affect productivity and animal welfare

meat science

handling, distribution, and marketing of meat products

dairy product science

handling, distribution, and marketing of dairy (milk, cheese, etc) products

biotechnology

technological applications of biology

nutrient dense

measurement of nutrients provided in a food compaired to calories

draft animals

animal whose major purpose is to perform work that involves hauling or pulling (ex: ox, horse)

livestock evolution

increasing animal production to keep up with demandpe

per capita

per unit of population: by or for each person

contributions of animals to humanity

food source, animal companionship, pharmaceuticals, insexticides, organs, manure, slaughter by-products, fibers for clothing

by-products

whatever remains after the products of greatest value are removed from animal carcass

Bovine Spongiform Encephalcpathy (BSE)

renewable resource (in the context of animals)

can be harested repeadetly from the same animal

poulticies

soft moise mass held between layers of cloth, usually warm, and applied dto some area of the body

xenotransplantation

replacing human organs with those from animalsse

sentient

creatures that experience pain and pleasure

anthropomorphism

attribution of human traits, emotions, and intentions onto non-human entities, such as animals

animal rights

philosophy, sociology, and public policy as they deal with the standing of animals in relation to human society

animal welfare

treatment and well-being of animals while they provide for human needs; human use

abolitionists

animal rights proponents who advocate the total abandonment of any animal use

downer cow

a nonambulatory cow

reformists

animal rights proponents who focus on changing methods of animal uses

speciesism

rplacing the interest of one species above another species

vegan

someone who eshews the use of any animal product, including non-food

sheep

animal of the genus ovis over 1 year of agel

lamb

a sheep under 1 year w

wool

fiber that grows instead of hair on bodies of sheepango

angora

specialized fiber-producing breed of goatm

mohair

fiber produced by angora goat

forage

fiber-contaiing feeds like grass or hay. Can be grazed or harvested food feeding

roughage

a bulky feed-stuff with low weight per unit volume. Contains at least 18% fiber but can range up to 50%

Flocks

group/band of sheep

browse

tender twigs and leaves from brush and treese

ewe

female sheep

doe

female goat

mob

group/herd of goats

specialty market

term that suggests a product generally aimed at a specific segment of overall market

survival of the fittest

natural selection where those best equipped for the conditions where they are found to survive and pass genetic material to next generation

heterosis

performance improvement of crossbred animal

breed comlpementarity

characteristics of different breeds complement each other

lambing

parturition in sheep

anestrus

any period of time when a nonpregnant adult female is not having regular heat cycles

estrous cycle

time from one estrus to the next

estrus

heat. period when the female is receptive to matingco

conception

when the sperm fertilizes the ovum

palpation

physically touching and examining with one’s hand

flushing

practice of increasing feed to a female just before and during breeding season

trimester

a third of a pregnancy. Last trimester in an ewe is approx. last 50 days

singleton

an offspring born singly

seasonal market

a time of the year when there is increased demand for a product

nematode parosites

round worms categorized in phylum nematoda

anemia

number of red blood cells in animals body is abnormally decreased

bottle jaw

condition where fluid accumlates and causes swelling under jaw (especially in cattle, sheep, or goats)

abscess

collection of pus in a cavity as a result of infection

prion

infectious agent composed entirely of protein material that is abnormally folded. Prions typically cause neurodegenerative diseases

placenta

membrances that join the fetus and the uterus of the mother to transfer oxygen and nutrients

kidding

parturition in goats

parturition

biological process of delivering a fully developed fetus from mother’s uterus at the end of gestation. also known as birth or labor.

alleles

alternative forms of any given gene

artificial vagina

device used to collect semen from a maleb

body condition

the amount of fat on an animal’s body

colic

broad term meaning digestive disturbance

conformation events

a competition in which a horse’s conformation is judged

continuous eater strategy

feeding strategy employed by many prey species as a mechanism of survival. They eat many small meals thrugh the day and keep on the move through their range

cutting

A competition where a horse cuts one cow from the herd and holds the cow away form herd. Horse must work cow without assistance from rider for 2 minutes and 30 seconds

diluter gene

type of modifier gene that changes a base color to a lighter color

dorsal

refers to the back on an animal

dressage

Competition where horses are requires to perform highly advanced maneuvers in a specified pattern

equine

pertaining to horses

filly

youg female horse

foal

gender neutral term for a newborn horse used up until weaning, when it usually transitions to colt/filly are likely to be used

foaling; to foal

Parturition in the horse

Gait

Forward movement of a horse. Most natural gaits: walk, trot, and cantar/gallop. Some breeds have additional or different gaits: pace, foxtrot, rack, etc

gelding

mature male horse castrated

hand

one hand equals 4 inches/ Horses are measured for height at the width of hands

gene

segment of a chromosome

horse power

term originating as a measure of the pulling power exerted by a horse. Equal to the rate of 33,000lbs a distance of 1ft in 1 minute

horse under saddie

english division class where movement and mannerisms are judged with the intent of a pleasurble ride, which is to depict a horse on the hunt chasing the hounds

impacted intestine

term used to describe constipation in the horse and some other species

incompletely dominant

neither allele is dominant to the other. Both influence the traitl

laminitis

inflammation of the lamine of the hoof. commonly casued by overeating grain but may be related to eating lush pastures

mare

mature female horsem

modifier gene

gene that influences the expression of another gene

mustang

term used to describe feral horse of american west

pellets

feed generally ground and conpacted by forcing them through die openings

points

legs, mane, and tail of a horse

preponent

an animal that rtansmits its characteristics to its offspring in a consistent fasion

ration

the feed allotment for a 24-hr period. Term should be in conjunction with specific quantities of feeds being consumed

recreational horses

horses of the light breeds kept for riding, driving, or nonprofit racing and showing

reining

competition where horse adn rider perform pattern of advanced maneuvers

saddie seat pleasure

an english event in which the horse’s movement and mannerisms are judged

sclera

tough white outer coat of the eyeball

seasonally polyestrous

when an animal has repeated estrous cycles but only in response to some enviornmental factor associated with teh seasons, frequently the photopeirod

stadium jumping

competition in which horses jump a course of fences in a specified order