kidney function SDL

How does hormone disorders cause polyuria (diabetes insipidus )

• Hypothalamus and neurohypothesis does not release enough ADH

• Therefore less water is reabsorped

• increased water volume in urine, therefore increased ovetall urination

what is one way you can determine weather a dog has diabetes insipidus

The concentration of the urine, in diabetes insipidus it will be more dilute with a lower total protein

what drug can be used too treat a hyperthryoid cat

Felizole and thiamzol e

Synthetic thyrozine Thiamzole = general name for a thyroid lowering drug

What is Azotaemia

an increase in blood ureas

What is the difference between central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Central diabetes insipidus is where the pituatory gland produces insufficiet ADH,

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus = where the nephrons do not respond too ADH..

What is the purpose of urea…

IT is used for water reabsorption, some is naturally reabsorbed for the right fuild balance?

What happens if you have a high protein diet?

you will have a high protein diet

more urea in blood

increase in concentration of the urine

less water will be reabsorped

more water willl come out..

What is Azotaemia

High blood urea and high creatine..

What is diabetes mellitus (type 1 vs type 2)

Type 1 = high glucose levels + (pancreatitis) autoimmune beta cell destruction. No Insulin production. Therefore high glucose levels in blood, therefore high glucose levels in the filtrate, so high levels of water loss via osmosis - will cause polyuria..

Type 2 — Obesity linked, Insulin resistance threfore more glucose in the blood so still polyuria

What happens if there is hihg potassium in the blood

can interefere with cardiac rthymns and cause fatal arrythmias

What can diabetes mellitus cause

Osmotic diuresis (from high blood glucose)

increased urine production and extra is not reabsorbed

What will happen in the body if there is hyperparathyroidism…

Increased PTH production

therefore increased osteoclasts + bone demineralisation

increased calcium in the blood

fast or irregular beat - may cause cardiac arrythmias..

may also cause dehydration

What happens when there is hyperparathyroidism…

• High t3 adn high T4 levels..

• Increase metabolism

• increase cardiac output

• increased GFR

• Therefore polyuria

• therefore polydipsia

• changes overall fluid balance..

Hyperadrenocorticism + pupd

high cortisol, high heart reat, high GFR pupd

ADH action decreases, therefore increases water volume

cortisol reduces urine conentrating abaility..

What is the function of aldosterone

Aldosterone controls the sodium and potassium conc..

mainly works on distal convoluted tubule of the collecting duct..

Increases sodium reabsorption..

Sodium moves from urine back into the blood….

lack of aldosterone increases potassium concentration

What happens physiologically in hypoadrenocorticism…

Enter adrenal cotex = reduced protuection..

e.g….

Zona glomerulosa — Aldosterone

zona fasiculata — Cortisol

zona reticularis — androgens

Therefore the androgen conc will decrease

Hypoadrenocorticism..

Less androgens

interferes with the Na K pump

more potassium in the blood

arrthemias + muscule differences

CKD

Generalised nephrogenic disease

poor filtration as nothing is filtered,

high protine in the urine…