bio: lipids

what are lipids made up of?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. hydrogen:oxygen ratio is larger than 2;1

properties of lipids

insoluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents 9 eg ether, ethanol)

example for lipids

triglycerides

name of the acids joining together to become a tryglyceride

1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

how do molecules join together to form a triglyceride?

condensation

how do triglyceride break down into molecules

hydrolysis

by product of forming triglyceride from molecules

3h2o

name of the bond between fatty acid and glycerol

ester bond

saturated fatty acid

single bond

unsaturated fatty acid

double bond

two types of lipids in our diet

fat and oil

fats

• solid at room temp

• usually found in animals

• consist of saturated fatty acids

example of fats

• butter

• lard

• cheese

health issues of fats

excess intake of fats will increase the risk of heart disease

oil

• liquid at room temperature

• usually found in plants

• consist of one or more unsaturated fatty acids

examples of oil

• peanut oil

• olive oil

• corn oil

functions of lipids

• as energy reserves

• as a major component of cell membranes

• to store and transport lipid-soluble vitamins

• for producing some hornmones

lipids as energy reserve

• stored in adipose tissues as subcutaneous fat or visceral fat

• as subcutaneous fat: stored under the skin, reduce heat loss

• as visceral fat: stored around the internal organs, act as a shock absorber, protect the internal organs

lipids as a major component of cell membranes, type of lipids

phospholipids

lipids to store and transport lipid-soluble vitamins

vitamins A and D

lipids for producing some hormones, example

sex hormones