PBH 452: Epidemiology - Midterm Review (Chapters 1-6)

Vocabulary flashcards covering core epidemiological concepts, quantitative measures, screening data tables, and administrative requirements from the PBH 452 midterm review.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of deaths among children who are less than or equal to one year of age within a specific period of time.

Sensitivity

The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals with a disease, expressed as the proportion of true positives among all actual positives.

Case Fatality Rate

The mortality rate calculated from the proportion of deaths among individuals diagnosed with a specific condition.

Indirect Contact Transmission

A transmission category exemplified by vector-borne illness.

Primary Prevention Phase

The stage of prevention occurring prior to disease onset; patients are not diagnosed with a disease during this phase.

Increased Screening Detection Impact

Refers to the effect of implementing routine testing measures that lead to an uptick in the identification of diseases in asymptomatic individuals, ultimately aiming to catch conditions earlier and improve patient outcomes.

False Positives

Individuals who tested positive on the screening tool but were actually negative.

False Negatives

Individuals who tested negative on the screening tool but were confirmed positive.

True Negatives

Individuals who tested negative on the screening tool and were also confirmed negative.

Gold Standard

The gold standard is the most accurate and reliable method available for diagnosing a condition, used as a benchmark to assess the validity of a screening test.