Research issues

describe extraneous variables

any variable, other than the independent variable that may affect the dependent variable if not controlled

describe demand characteristics

any cue from the researcher that may reveal the purpose of the investigation leading to change in behaviour of participant

describe investigator effects

any effects on the investigators behaviour on the research outcome

describe randomization

the use of chance method to control bias

describe standardisation

using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study

describe control groups

a group of participants who receive no treatment- their behaviour acts like a baseline against result of IV

what does it mean to operationalize a variable

making the test measurable and testable