PHA 6575 Lecture 12 (Glutamate)

Krebs Cycle

alpha-ketoglutarate formed in the _________ is transaminated to glutamate in the CNS terminal

Glutaminase

converts glutamine produced and secreted by glial cells that is transported into the nerve terminals to glutamate

Exocytosis

glutamate is released by calcium-mediated ________ of vesicles

Reuptake Transporters

glutamate is removed from the synapse by _______

Glutamine Synthetase

converts glutamate to glutamine in the glial cells

Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors

fast excitatory synaptic responses and include AMPA, Kainate, NMDA

AMPA Receptors

located throughout the CNS (hippocampus and cortex) and results in Na influx, K efflux, and some Ca influx

Glutamate or AMPA

AMPA receptors bind ________ or __________

Kainate Receptors

expressed throughout the CNS particularly in the hippocampus and cerebellum and results in Na influx, K efflux, and possibly Ca entry

Kainate and Glutamate

Kainate receptors bind _________ and __________

Five

how many subunits do Kainate receptors have?

Four

how many subunits do AMPA receptors have?

NMDA Receptors

expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, and spinal cord, and results in Na influx, Ca influx, and K efflux

Glutamate and Glycine or NMDA and Glycine

NMDA receptor activation requires simultaneous administration of both _______ and _______

Magnesium

what blocks the channel pore in the resting membrane of NMDA receptors?

Tetrameric Complexes

all three ionotropic glutamate receptors are ______ composed of the same or different subunits

Group I Receptors

excite through either PLC, IP3 release of intracellular Ca2+ or adenylyl cyclase and cAMP generation

Group II and III Receptors

inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrease cAMP production and regulate ion flux of other channels