Biotech

Recombinant DNA

A method used to make copies of a particular gene by joining a vector to a DNA fragment.

Vector

A cut DNA used to create new DNA fragments in recombinant DNA technology.

Bacterial plasmids

Often used as vectors in recombinant DNA techniques.

Restriction enzyme

An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences, used in creating recombinant DNA.

Sticky ends

Overhanging ends of DNA fragments that can bond with complementary sticky ends of other DNA fragments.

DNA ligase

An enzyme that seals the ends of DNA fragments together after they are joined.

Transformed cells

Cells that have received recombinant DNA and can pass it on to their offspring.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A method used to amplify specific DNA segments, involving denaturation, annealing, and extension.

Denaturation (in PCR)

The step where DNA strands are split into two separate strands.

Annealing/hybridization (in PCR)

The step where DNA primers are added to the separated DNA strands.

Extension (in PCR)

The step where DNA polymerase and nucleotides are added to replicate the DNA.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method used to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric current.

Electric current (in Gel Electrophoresis)

Used to move DNA fragments towards the positively charged end of the gel.

DNA's negative charge

Causes DNA fragments to move towards the positively charged end during gel electrophoresis.