wk 7 - fungi & protists

what domain do fungi & protists belong to?

eukarya

what belongs to the kingdom: fungi?

• yeasts

• molds

fungi characteristics - what are chemoheterotrophs?

chemoheterotrophs: must consume organic carbon for energy from environment

fungi characteristics - what are decomposers?

break down dead organic matter

what are fungi characteristics? (1/2)

• chemoheterotrophs

• decomposers

what are fungi characteristics? (2/2)

• nature’s recyclers

• some fungi form symbiotic relationships w photosynthetic algae or bacteria (lichens) & plants (mycorrhizae)

what are some common use of fungi? (1/2)

• food production: mushroom

• baking & brewing: saccharomyces cerevisiae

what are some common use of fungi? (2/2)

• antibiotics: penicillium produces penicillin

• bioremediation (waste breakdown): oyster mushrooms decomposes toxic pollution, possibly plastics

how are fungi as pathogens? (1/2)

• fungi are part of our microbiome

• forms a symbiotic relationship w us as the host

how are fungi as pathogens? (2/2)

• can become parasitic if our immune systems are weakened

• some species can produce toxins that can affect humans indirectly when consumed

how do fungi reproduce?

yeast replicates via cell division by budding

how do you observe hyphae (mushroom) culture? (1/2)

• wear gloves, disinfect w ethanol

• use sterile scalpel, start at mushroom cap & cutting downward toward the stem, splitting mushroom into 2 halves that each w a cap & stem

how do you observe hyphae (mushroom) culture? (2/2)

• Use sterilized scalpel to cut small (1-2mm) square into tissue

• Dip forceps into ethanol, then place them close to opening of bacticinerator. Use forceps to gently remove square of tissue & place it into center of a potato dextrose agar plate

• Parafilm edges of the plate. Don’t invert. Incubate at room temp for 1 week

what are the steps to mushroom wet mount: (1/2)

• Place drop of lactophenol cotton blue onto clean slide

• Using aseptic technique, tilt open lid of ur mushroom culture

• Dip dissecting needle into ethanol & place it close to opening of bacinerator. Make sure its cooled b4 getting ur sample

what are the steps to mushroom wet mount: (2/2)

• Place dissecting needle into fuzzy, tangled mycelia. Gently twist needle in 1 hand & ethanol disinfected forceps in other to place strands into drop of LPCB & gently tease apart strands of fungal hyphae.

• Place cover slip on top by angling it at 45 degrees & lowering it over ur speciemen. Observe w ur microscope up to 400x. Sketch ur observation in ur lab manual

how are protozoan as pathogens? (1/2)

• some protozoans are photosynthetic & some are chemotrophs

• can exist in dormant stage (cyst) or metabolically active form (trophozoite)

how are protozoan as pathogens? (2/2)

• certain ones survive as parasites by extracting nutrients from a host organism:

  • have complex life cycles that you will learn in lecture

  • often transmitted by vectors (insects or arthropods)

how do u classify protozoans?

by mode of locomotion

how do protozoans move?

• some w aid of hair-like structures called cilia

• some by whip-like structure called flagella

what organisms were viewed under wet mount & under 100x?

• amoeba proteus

• paramecium

• euglena

what organisms was a fecal smear & viewed at 400x?

entamoeba histolytica

what organism is a fecal smear & could be seen in 400x or 1000x?

balanditium coli

what organisms get looked at in 1000x? (1/2)

• tyanosoma cruzi

• trypanosoma brucei gambiense

• trhichomonas vaginalis

what organisms get looked at in 1000x? (2/2)

• leishmania donovani

• plasmodium vivax

• toxoplasma gondii

• cryptosporidium parvum

what organism is a fecal smear and is viewed in 1000x?

giardia lamblia