AFOM Chapter 3 Study Guide

clavicle (acromial end)

connects the clavicle to the acromion process (lateral)

clavicle (sternal end)

connects the clavicle to the sternum (medial)

coracoid process

anterior landmark on the scapula projecting forward

glenoid fossa

hollow structure on the scapula connecting to the head of the humerus

supraglenoid tubercle

small bump located on top of the glenoid fossa

infraglenoid tubercle

small bump on the lateral border directly below the glenoid cavity

acromion process

posteriorly projecting landmark on the scapula

spine of scapula

extends from the lateral border medially to the acromion process

inferior angle of scapula

point where the medial and lateral borders meet

sternoclavicular (SC) joint

the articulation between the sternum and clavicle

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

articulation between the acromion end of the clavicle and clavicle

coracoclavicular (CC) joint

articulation between the coracoid process and clavicle

glenoid labrum

ring around the entire glenoid fossa that deepens it for shoulder stability

pectoralis minor action

abduction (protraction) of the scapula

serratus anterior action

abducts the scapula and protracts both scapulae upward

subclavius action

depresses the clavicle (moves it downwards)

levator scapulae action

elevates and rotates the scapula downward

rhomboids action

adducts (retracts) and downwardly rotates the scapula

trapezius (upper) action

elevates the scapula

trapezius (middle) action

retracts (adducts) the scapula

trapezius (lower) action

depresses the scapula

greater tuberosity of humerus

larger bump on the lateral side of the proximal humerus

lesser tuberosity of humerus

smaller bump located on the anterior side of the humerus

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

located on the lateral side of the humerus about halfway down

anatomical neck of humerus

lies right below the head of the humerus

surgical neck of humerus

sits right below the greater and lesser tuberosities

intertubercular groove of humerus

space running between the greater and lesser tuberosities

transverse humeral ligament

holds the biceps brachii tendon in place between the two tuberosities

pectoralis major origin

ribs 2-6, sternum, clavicle

pectoralis major insertion

lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

what is the actions of pectoralis major

flexion, adduction, internal rotation

coracobrachialis origin

coracoid process

coracobrachialis insertion

middle of medial surface of humerus

what is the actions of the coracobrachialis

flexion, assists with adduction

biceps brachii long head origin

supraglenoid tubercle

biceps brachii short head origin

coracoid process

biceps brachii insertion

radial tuberosity

what is the action of the biceps brachii

flexion

anterior deltoid origin

lateral anterior clavicle

anterior deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

what are the actions of the anterior deltoid

abduction, flexion, lateral rotation

middle deltoid origin

acromion process

middle deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

what is the action of the middle deltoid

abduction

posterior deltoid origin

spine of scapula

posterior deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

what are the actions of the posterior deltoid

adduction, extension, external rotation

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa

subscapularis insertion

lesser tuberosity

what is the action of the subscapularis

internal rotation

supraspinatus origin

supraspinous fossa

supraspinatus insertion

greater tuberosity

what is the action of the supraspinatus

abduction

infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa

infraspinatus insertion

greater tuberosity

what are the action of the infraspinatus

external rotation, extension, adduction

teres minor origin

lateral border of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tuberosity

what are the actions of teres minor

external rotation, extension, adduction

latissimus dorsi origin

T7-L5, ilium, lower ribs, scapula

latissimus dorsi insertion

intertubercular groove

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi

extension, adduction, internal rotation

teres major origin

inferior angle, lateral border of scapula

teres major insertion

lesser tuberosity

what are the actions of teres major

adduction, internal rotation, extension

triceps brachii long head origin

infraglenoid tubercle

triceps brachii (long head) insertion

olecranon process

what are the actions of the long head of triceps brachii

assists with extension and adduction

scapulohumeral rhythm

for every 2 degrees the upper arm lifts, the shoulder blade rotates upward 1 degree; movement pattern between the humerus (at the glenohumeral joint) and the scapula during arm elevation, flexion or abduction

scaption

position of the glenoid fossa so that the humerus can move freely

flexion

decreases the angle of a joint / lifting the arm upward

extension

increases the angle of a joint / moving the arm down

hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

abduction

moving humerus away from midline in the frontal plane

adduction

moving humerus back to the midline in the frontal plane

external rotation

humerus is rotating away from the midline in transverse plane

internal rotation

humerus is rotating towards the midline in transverse plane

circumduction

combines flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

horizontal abduction

moving away from the midline in the horizontal plane

horizontal adduction

moving towards the midline in the horizontal plane