Volumetric analysis - BIG paragraphs

Q: Describe the procedure and techniques used in volumetric analysis for making up a

solution of known volume from a given mass of a SOLID substance

• spatula add solid into clock gass until desired mass obtained when weighed on electronic balance

• empty mass into beaker

• deioized water, rinse weigh boat and sides of beaker and add to the beaker

• stir with glass rod to ensure its dissolved

• funnel - add solution from beaker into flask

• wash bottle - rinse beaker and funnel and add rinsings to volumetric flask

• deionized water toflask until 1cm from grad mark

• eye level, using a dropper, add deionized water DROP BY DROP until bottom of meniscus ress on grad mark

• stopper and invert 20 times

prepare liquid to be put in a volumetric flask

• suitably sized pipette thats been rinsed w deionized water nad solution

• place pipette into solution, use pipette filler to draw solution into pipette above grad mark

• some solution to run out until bottom of meniscus on grad mark at eye level

• pipette into new clean dry beaker, allow liquid out

why is kmno4 not read from bottom of meniscus

read from top due to deep purpe colour

indicator for hcl and na2co3

methyl orange

indicator for hcl and naoh

methyl orange

idnicator for hcl and nh3

methyl orange

indicator for naoh and ch3cooh

phenolpthalene