Chapter 11: Living in a prejudiced

When White Americans learn that the United States will become a “majority-minority” country, they tend to express more negative attitudes toward racial/ethnic minority groups. Which of the following ways of keeping societal hierarchies in place does this exemplify?

A. Individual discrimination

B. Institutional discrimination

C. Behavioral asymmetries.

A. Individual discrimination

Which of the following correctly describes a person who has a high score on the social dominance orientation scale?

A. They are troubled by evidence of institutional discrimination.

B. They consider discrepancies in status and wealth to be products of luck.

C. They are concerned about losing their status and privilege in society.

D. They are less willing to express prejudiced attitudes toward different groups.

C. They are concerned about losing their status and privilege in society.

Which of the following best exemplifies how legitimizing myths help preserve societal hierarchies?

A. Only people who consciously hold legitimizing myths are responsible for upholding societal inequalities.

B. People underestimate the economic mobility in the United States, believing that there is less economic mobility than there actually is.

C. The belief that not everyone deserves what they get in life upholds societal hierarchies.

D. Success stories of talented people with humble beginnings can lead people to think that society is more meritocratic than it actually is.

D. Success stories of talented people with humble beginnings can lead people to think that society is more meritocratic than it actually is.

According to the stereotype content model, which dimension reflects a person or group’s likely intentions to provide benefits or inflict harm?

A. Warmth

B. Competence

C. Intelligence

D. Ambivalence

A. Warmth

Johnieda holds a stereotype that a certain group is friendly and moral but not very intelligent or creative. Based on the stereotype content model, which of the following emotions should Johnieda feel toward this group?

A. Admiration

B. Envy

C. Pity

D. Contempt

C. Pity

Which of the following is an example of an ambivalent stereotype?

A. Group A is indecisive and incompetent.

B. Group B is untrustworthy but effective.

C. Group C is seen as admirable.

D. Group D is creative but lacking in intelligence.

B. Group B is untrustworthy but effective.

Which of the following describes how ambivalent stereotypes affect women in the workplace?

A. Traditional stereotypes about women conflict with the stereotype that goes with the role of a leader.

B. Traditional stereotypes about women stemming from benevolent sexism is that women are cold but competent.

C. Women displaying competence are less likely to be criticized than men displaying competence in the same role.

D. Women in leadership roles are often viewed more positively than men in leadership roles.

A. Traditional stereotypes about women conflict with the stereotype that goes with the role of a leader.

When a candidate is applying for a job, which of the following information on the application would be most likely to decrease the candidate’s likelihood of receiving a callback for an interview?

A. Having a “foreign-sounding” name

B. Having a stereotypically White name

C. Selecting “woman” for gender

D. Listing hobbies suggesting higher socioeconomic status

A. Having a “foreign-sounding” name

Which of the following is correct about intersectional identities?

A. People with intersectional identities tend to be particularly visible and salient to others.

B. People with intersectional identities are people who have multiple dominant identities.

C. People with intersectional identities experience less discrimination because of their identities.

D. People with intersectional identities may not fit the prototype of any of their identities.

D. People with intersectional identities may not fit the prototype of any of their identities.

Which of the following is correct about stereotype threat?

A. Stereotype threat only affects racial and ethnic minorities.

B. Stereotype threat interferes with performance because it reduces arousal.

C. Stereotype threat must be blatantly invoked to have a negative impact on performance.

D. The way in which a test is framed can affect whether stereotype threat is invoked or not.

D. The way in which a test is framed can affect whether stereotype threat is invoked or not.

One study examined how exposure to role models affected feelings of belonging in school among Native American and European American students (Covarrubias & Fryberg, 2015). Which of the following is the appropriate conclusion to draw from this study?

A. European American students exposed to role models of European heritage experienced a large boost in feelings of belonging, whereas Native American students exposed to Native American role models did not experience a similar boost.

B. Native American students exposed to Native American role models experienced a large boost in feelings of belonging, whereas European American students exposed to role models of European heritage did not experience a similar boost.

C. Both Native American and European American students experienced a large boost in feelings of belonging when they were exposed to role models of the same heritage.

D. Native American students experienced a boost in feelings of belonging when they were exposed to role models of European heritage.

B. Native American students exposed to Native American role models experienced a large boost in feelings of belonging, whereas European American students exposed to role models of European heritage did not experience a similar boost.

Which of the following correctly describes the concerns that Black and White people of particular political affiliations have in cross-race interactions?

A. White liberals are more concerned with expressing competence as opposed to warmth to a Black audience.

B. White conservatives are more concerned with expressing warmth as opposed to competence to a Black audience.

C. Black liberals are more concerned than Black conservatives with expressing competence to a White audience.

D. Black conservatives are more concerned than Black liberals with expressing competence to a White audience.

D. Black conservatives are more concerned than Black liberals with expressing competence to a White audience.

In a study by Goff et al. (2008), White participants were asked to arrange three chairs for a conversation with either two White or two Black fellow participants. Some of the participants were told they would be discussing racial profiling, while others were told that they would be discussing love and relationships. Which of the following correctly describes the results of this study?

A. Participants placed the other chairs the farthest away when they expected to discuss racial profiling with White partners.

B. Participants placed the other chairs the farthest away when they expected to have a discussion with White partners, regardless of the topic.

C. Participants placed the other chairs the farthest away when they expected to discuss racial profiling with Black partners.

D. Participants placed the other chairs the farthest away when they expected to have a discussion with Black partners, regardless of the topic.

C. Participants placed the other chairs the farthest away when they expected to discuss racial profiling with Black partners.

Based on Craig & Richeson’s research (2014a, 2014b), which of the following best describes the response of a White person who has just learned that the United States is projected to become a majority-minority country in 2042?

A. They will have fewer warm feelings toward people of their own ethnic group.

B. They will express more racial bias.

C. They will place greater emphasis on working with people from different racial ethnic groups.

D. They are more likely to lean Democrat than Republican after learning this.

B. They will express more racial bias.

Which of the following correctly describes the Marley hypothesis?

A. Dominant groups measure progress by comparing the present to the past, while marginalized groups measure progress by comparing where they are now to the ideal standard of full equality.

B. Members of dominant groups are more aware of their own personal life challenges as opposed to the privileges they enjoy.

C. Members of marginalized racial groups know more about the history of racism than members of dominant groups.

D. Both members of dominant and marginalized groups believe there has been much more progress toward equality than there actually has been.

C. Members of marginalized racial groups know more about the history of racism than members of dominant groups.

Which of the following is correct about privilege in historically dominant groups?

A. Privileges come to mind with more ease than hardships and burdens.

B. Privileges can occur in the form of an absence of disadvantage.

C. Pointing out people’s privilege can make them more likely to recognize their privilege.

D. Dominant groups tend to have an accurate understanding of their privilege.

B. Privileges can occur in the form of an absence of disadvantage.