Lipids (slides)

What are lipids?

Esters formed by bonding fatty acids with alcohol

What are fats?

lipids solid at room temperature

What are oils?

lipids liquid at room temperature

What are fatty acids?

Long, hydrocarbon chains that are found in lipid molecules and are attached to the carboxyl group

What are alcohols?

Series of organic molecules that contain a hydroxyl group and are attached to a carbon

What is an ester bond?

Bond between a fatty acid and an alcohol

What are the two categories of fatty acids?

Unsaturated and Saturated

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Fatty acids that have a double bond.

What does polyunsaturated mean?

More than one double bond in an unsaturated fatty acid

Why are most oils unsaturated?

The double bonds in the fatty acid lower the melting temperature

Fun Fact! While animal lipids are usually saturated fats,

plant lipids are usually unsaturated oils,

What’s the main molecular structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats are straight while unsaturated fats curve due to their double bond

What is a triglyceride?

3 long chains of fatty acids and a COOH group attached to a glycerol through dehydration synthesis

Fun fact! Triglycerides are insoluble except in:

ether, chloroform, and ethanol

Fun Fact! Lipids are the most stable energy source since they’re rich in carbon-hydrogen bonds. It also holds more caloric value when oxidized since it has so little oxygen

What is an example of lipids being used as insulation?

Blubber within certain sea animals

Fun Fact! Lipids can also be used metabolically as a source of water

During oxidizing, it is converted to carbon dioxide and water

What are phospholipids?

Special lipids that have a phosphate group replace one of the chains in triglyceride

Name the structural properties of phospholipids

Hydrophilic phosphate head, and two hydrophobic tails

Name 2 categories of polar lipids

Phospholipids and glycolipids