Root diagrams

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Metabolites from plant organs are extracted under conditions in which the transporter of interest is expressed. Extracts are incubated in the presence of ATP, metabolites are determined by LC/GC-MS.

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Under Pi-sufficient conditions, SPX domains are bound which inhibits the expression of Pi starvation inducible genes. In low Pi conditions, InsP8 is broken down, Pi starvation inducible genes are induced. PSR is Phosphorus starvation response. PHR are transcription factors

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Potassium acquisition in arabidopsis versus rice. Some similar things: ATHAK5 and ATK1 are homologs with OsHAK and OsAKT. Low affinity versus high affinity.

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Iron uptake in dicots versus grasses. In dicots, ferric iron is acidified through proton pumps which allows reductase to reduce ferric to ferrous. Secondary metabolizes mobilize iron and take it through the transporter. In grasses, iron is chelated by phytosiderophores which is then transported through yellow strip like transporters

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Heterologous expression in yeast. HvNramp5 is able to transport Mn only. HvIRT1 is able to transport both Mn and FE

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Examining plant root exudates using protein labelling and 2D gel electrophoresis. Many border cell-specific proteins are excreted. Root tip proteins are specific

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zero tillage promotes more stable communities because it preserves soil physical structure and nutrient status

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Microbial communities diverge most by soil origin. Environmental heterogeneity drives soil microbiome assembly and plant host genotypes acts as a selective pressure

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Root associated microbial communities are separable by rhizocompartment and soil type

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Myc LCOs are decorated molecules (sulfated/non-sulfated) that stimulate root branching and root colonization by AM fungi

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Fungi provide more phosphorus to roots that receive more carbon, plants provide more carbon to the fungus to receive more phosphorus, fair trade in simplified model.

Label the indeterminite nodule zones

I: meristem II:infection zone II-III: interzone III: nitrogen fixation zone IV: senescent zone V: saprophytic zone

Explain the common signaling symbiosis pathway

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NCR peptides (nodule cysteine rich) are required for a mature bacteroid and are host specific