Neurophysiology

Neurotransmitters

________ bind to receptors on the neuron.

Selective Permeability

________- Equilibrium Potential (potassium moves across the membrane because of the channels are not closed so they follow their concentration gradient.

Dendritic receptors

________ bind to neurotransmitters from other neurons.

Ions

________ move into or out of the postsynaptic cell.

major deficits

There are diseases where myelin is not present and can cause ________.

Synaptic Potential

________ happens in the post synaptic cell at the dendrites.

Calcium

________ triggers Neurotransmitters release via specialized proteins.

Spatial Summation

________ is when the neuron gets 3 separate inputs from the dendrites (causes EPSP). These potentials are not enough to reach the threshold for AP's so the info is summated until the threshold is reached.

Temporal Summation

________ is the summation of post synaptic potentials that reach the neuron /axon hillock at different times.

Concentration Gradient

________: different number of ions inside versus outside.

Ionotropic receptor

________: A receptor protein containing an ion channel that opens and ions go through.

Sodium Potassium Pump

The ________ helps maintain the equilibrium and moves 3 sodiums out for every 2 Potassiums.

calcium

The ________ gets enters the axon terminal through ________ channels in the membrane.

Neurotransmitters

________ bind to receptors in postsynaptic membrane.

Na+ (Sodium)

10x greater outside the cell

K+ (Potassium)

20x greater inside the cell

A-(Anion)

greater inside

Selective Permeability

Equilibrium Potential (potassium moves across the membrane because of the channels are not closed so they follow their concentration gradient

Sodium Potassium Pump

moves 3 sodiums out for every 2 potassium in, helps to maintain resting state

Electrical Gradient

different overall charge inside versus outside

Concentration Gradient

different number of ions inside versus outside

Ionotropic receptor

A receptor protein containing an ion channel that opens and ions go through

Ligand-Gated Channel

same as an ionotropic receptor, a channel that opens up and lets ions go through, key is the gate is acetylcholine

Selective Permeability and Sodium Potassium Pump

How is the membrane potential maintained?

-60mV

What is the voltage for the resting potential?

-40mV

What is the Voltage for the threshold?

In the Node of Ranvier

Where must the threshold be reached in order for an action potential to fire?

Myelin's Purpose

Myelin is there so that there is a break between action potentials firing. It allows a buffer between these AP’s and would cause ap’s to constantly fire all along the axon without a break and therefore it would slow down the flow of information.

Myeliantion and Diameter of axon

Two factors that determine the speed of an AP?

The calcium gets enters the axon terminal through calcium channels in the membrane. It then trigger the Neurotransmitters release via specialized proteins.

What is the role of calcium in neurotransmitter release?