Infectious Disease/Imm - Blueprint

malaria

IRREGULAR/CYCLIC FEVER fever, travel to endemic region (india)

deadly = falciparum

→ thick and thin peripheral smear

What is the most common pathogen found in infected cat bites?

pasteurella multocida

→ prophylaxis = augmentin

pt previously had tdap, human rabies ig, and rabies vaccine 8 years ago, and was just bit by a skunk. prophylaxis?

rabies vaccine only

(the immune globulin is only given once)

congenital CMV infx

petechiae, jaundice at birth, hepatosplenomegaly, small size for gestational age, microcephaly

poor suck

→ ganclovir

if wound is not infected, what next?

if dtap vacc good and current with tetanus → discharge home

flu

sudden-onset fever, cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, myalgias, and headache

PNA is most common complication

suspected rheum fever, what lab test is most appropriate to monitor progress?

c-reactive protein/esr

(antistreptolysin O titer is for dx, not for monitoring)

St. John’s wort raises your risk for?

ischemic stroke (lowers INR)

pernicious anemia (autoimmune)

b12 deficiency

PO/sublingual B12 unless diarrhea/vomiting/neuro sx → IM/subQ

schilling: abnormal b12 absorption in stage 1 but normal in stage 2 (w/ intrinsic factor)

atrophic gastritis schilling test

abnormal vitamin B12 absorption in stage 1 and stage 2

Aplastic crisis

drop in hemoglobin and a reticulocyte count < 1%

sickle cell disase + what virus → aplastic crisis?

parvovirus b19

cause of measles

paramyxovirus

a baby has iron def anemia, is pale.. what is the tx?

ORAL iron supp

(packed RBC transfusion if extremely severe)

apgar score

1. appearance

2. pulse

3. grimace (reflex)

4. activity (muscle tone)

5. respiratory (crying)

max 10

chagas disease cause

parasite Trypanosoma cruzi

chagas disease complication

myocarditis

chagas disease

fever, LE and UE edema, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, malaise, lymphocytosis, and elevated liver transaminases

endemic region (south america)

chgas disease tx

#1: benznidazole

nifurtimoxi

if suspecting iron def anemia, what test to do?

fecal occult blood test

hookworm disease

central america

abdominal pain, malnourished, low hemoglobin → iron def anemia

tx: albendazole or mebendazole

Primary closure

scalp, face, torso, and extremities

rubella complication

teratongenic effects (microcephaly, etc)

sensorineural hearing loss

cataracts

intrauterine growth restriction

hodgekins vs nonhodgekins RF

H: EBV

N: immunodef

toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii

CD4 counts of < 50 cells/mcL

multiple necrotizing brain lesions ( multiple ring-shaped contrast-enhancing cerebral lesions in basal ganglia)

(tx = pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid)

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

autoimmune, acquired hypercoag

suspect if recurrent DVTs, recurrent spontaneous abortions, recurrent CV esp in young pop

assoc with lupus

what test to see reed sternberg cells

lymph node biopsy

Hodgkin lymphoma sx

ymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, fever, weight loss, pruritus, and night sweats.

puncture wound organism and tx

pseudomonas

FLQ (levofloxacin)

rubella

ever, malaise, and coryza

Posterior cervical and postauricular lymphadenopathy

pink or skin-colored maculopapular rash begins on the head and neck, spreads downward, and fades within 3 days

rash and fever at the same time

how to differentiate rubeola vs. rubella?

lymphadenopathy = rubella

initial antiretroviral therapy (ART)

two nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) paired with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)

Fanconi anemia

short stature, hypopigmentaiton, dev delay, abnormal thumbs, microcephaly, small eyes, epicanthal folds, and abnormal ears

HIGH AFP and macrocytic anemia

group a strep causes… (AKA strep pyogenes)

strep throat

scarlet fever

impetigo

cellulitis

rheumatic fever

group b strep causes

neonatal meningitis and PNA

UTIs