medicalterms final review

René Laennec

invented the stethoscope

Elizabeth Blackwell

first female doctor in the U.S.

Wilhelm Roentgen

discovered x-rays

Florence Nightingale

established nursing stations during the Crimean War

Louis Pasteur

proved microorganisms cause disease

Hippocrates

Father of Medicine

Prefix

modifies the meaning of a combining form

Brady-

slow

-ectomy

surgical removal or procedure

Dys-

painful

-graphy

process of recording

Therap/o

treatment

Ancill/o

servant or helper

-ician

skilled medical professional

Hospice

palliative care

Office

most frequently used healthcare setting

HIPAA

guidelines for maintaining confidentiality of health information

Nurse practitioner

physician extender

Sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left sections

Prognosis

predicted outcome of a disease

Lateral

refers to the side of a structure

Hypogastric

centered and inferior to the umbilicus

Auscultation

physical examination using a stethoscope

Proximal

opposite of distal

Chronic

long-term condition

Cephalad

toward the head

Mediastinum

area between the lungs containing the heart

Body

four quadrants and nine abdominopelvic regions

Imaginary planes

named after bones in the skull

Abdominal cavity

inferior to the thoracic cavity

Transverse plane

only horizontal plane that divides the body

Large intestine

cecum

Pyloric sphincter

circular muscle between stomach and small intestine

Pleura

membrane surrounding each lung

Alveoli

site of gas exchange

Larynx

voice box

Tracheostomy

opening that provides access to the lungs

Pericardium

sac surrounding the heart

Remission

desirable medical outcome

Glossitis

inflammation of the tongue

Celio/o

lapar/o

Polyphagia

excessive overeating

Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Deglutition

swallowing

Tricuspid valve

between the right atrium and right ventricle

Oxygenated blood

enters the left atrium

Systol/o

contraction

Vital signs

pulse

Veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Thrombocytes

cells involved in clotting

Hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

Carbon dioxide

waste product of metabolism

Neutrophils

cells that engulf and destroy bacteria

Pathogens

disease-causing organisms

Coagul/o

clotting

Phag/o

eating or swallowing

Microcytic

small red blood cells

Necr/o

dead

Cutane/o

dermat/o

Kerat/o

hard tissue

Ungu/o

onych/o

Lymphoma

malignant tumor of the lymph nodes

Universal donor

O negative

Autoimmune disease

body attacks its own tissues

Erythropoietin

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

Antibodies

fight pathogens

Dermis

layer of skin containing hair follicles

Sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

Xeroderma

dry skin

Integumentary system

skin

Melanin

pigment produced by melanocytes

Cuticle

layer of dead cells at the base of the nail

Allergens

substances that cause allergic reactions

Anaphylaxis

severe life-threatening allergic reaction

Elastin

protein that gives skin flexibility