Chapter 8: Female Reproductive system

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

Mammary papilla

Nipple of the breast

Menarche

Beginning of first menstrual period and ability to reproduce

Menopause

Gradual ending of menstruation

Menstruation

Monthly shedding of the uterine lining

Myometrium

Muscle layer of the uterus

Neonatology

Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate

Obstetrics

The branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

Orifice

An opening

Ovarian follicle

Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary

Ovary

One of a pair of female organs on each side of the pelvis; almond-shaped; produced egg cells and hormones

Ovulation

Release of ovum from the ovary

Ovum (pl: ova)

Mature egg cell (female gamete)

Parturition

Act of giving birth

Perineum

Area between the anus and the vagina in females

Pituitary gland

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries; also regulates other endocrine organs

Placenta

Vascular organ attached to uterine wall during pregnancy; allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus

Pregnancy

Condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in female uterus for about 40 weeks

Progesterone

Hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary and placenta of pregnant women

Puberty

Point in life cycle at which sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

Uterine serosa

Outermost layer surrounding the uterus

Uterus

Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs

Vagina

Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

Vulva

External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

Zygote

The stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks

amni/o

amnion

Bartholin/o

Bartholin gland

cervic/o

cervix, neck

chori/o

chorion

chorion/o

chorion

colp/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac

episi/o

vulva

galact/o

milk

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o

uterus, womb

lact/o

milk

mamm/o

breast

mast/o

breast

men/o

menses, menstruation

metr/o

uterus

my/o

muscle

myom/o

muscle tumor

nat/i

birth

obstetr/o

midwife

o/o

egg

oophor/o

ovary

ov/o

egg

ovari/o

ovary

ovul/o

egg

perine/o

perineum

phor/o

to bear

salping/o

fallopian tubes

uter/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

-arche

beginning

-cele

hernia

-cyesis

pregnancy

-gravida

pregnancy

-parous

to bear, bring forth

-rrhea

discharge

-salpinx

uterine tube

-tocia

labor, birth

-version

act of turning

dys-

painful

endo-

within

in-

in

intra-

within

multi-

many

nulli-

no, not, none

pre-

before

primi-

first

retro-

backward

amni/o

amnion

bartholin/o

Bartholin gland

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

cervix, neck

chori/o, chorion/o

chorion

colp/o

vagina

-ectasis

stretching, dilation

-ectomy

removal, excision

-flexion

flexible

-genesis

producing; forming

-gravida

pregnancy

-itis

inflammation

-pareunia

sexual intercourse

-plasia

development, formation

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

dropping, sagging

-rrhagia

bursting forth (blood)

-rrhaphy

suture

-scopy

visual examination

-stenosis

tightening

-stomy

new opening

-tomy

process of cutting

-tresia

opening

-version

act of turning

bi-

two

dys-

painful