619 9/29 GLA pt 3 UL Structural Anatomy

Anterior Forearm Innervation

median nerve

Anterior Forearm Muscles

Pronator Teres Muscle

Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle

Palmaris Longus Muscle

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle

Flexor Policis Longus Muscle

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle

Pronator Quadratus Muscle

Pronator Teres Muscle Action

rotate radius to medial side (pronation), helps flex forearm

Palmar Longus Muscle Action

tense palmar aponeurosis, help flex hand and wrist

Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle Action

flex hand at wrist, abdcut hand at wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle Action

flex hand at wrist, adduct hand at wrist

Exceptions to Anteiror Forearm Innervation

the flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve

the flexor digitorum profundus is ½ laterally innervated by median nerve and ½ medially innervated by ulnar nerve

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle Action

help flex hand at wrist

flex mcps of digits 2-5

flex pips of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle Action

flex hand at wrist

flex mcps, pips, and dips of digits 2-5

Flexor Pollucis Longus Muscle Action

flex cmc, mcp, and ip of thumb

Pronator Quadratus Muscle Action

rotate radius to medial side (pronation)

Anterior forearm muscles attach to which bone superiorly?

ulna

Posterior forearm muscles attach to which bone superiorly?

radius

Epicondylitis

chronic tendonitis of the forearm at their attachment to the epicondyle, caused by repetitive use

treated with cs and myofascial release

tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow

Tennis vs Golfer’s Elbow

tennis: lateral epicondylitis (extensor tendons)

golf: medial epicondylitis (flexor tendons)

Innervation of Posterior Forearm

radial nerve

Posterior Forearm Muscles

Brachioradialis Muscle

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle

Extensor Digitorum Muscle

Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Supinator Muscle

Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle

Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle

Extensor Pollucis Brevis Muscle

Extensor Indicis Muscle

Brachioradialis Muscle Action

helps felx forearm, especially when pronated

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle Action

extend hand at wrist, abduct hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle Action

extend hand at wrist, abduct hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle Action

extend hand at wrist, adduct hand at wrist

Extensor Digitorum Muscle Action

extend mcp joints of digits 2-5

help extend pips and dips of digits 2-5

Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle Action

extends mcp, pip, and dip of digit 5

Supinator Muscle Action

rotate radius to lateral side (forearm supination

Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle Action

abduct cmc joint of the thumb

Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle Action

extend cmc, mcp, and ip of thumb

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle Action

extend cmc and mcp of thumb

Extensor Indicis Muscle Action

extends mcp, pop, and dip of digit 2

Compartments of the Hand

Thenar Compartment

Thenar Compartmet Innervation

recurrent branch (median nerve)

Opponens Pollicis Muscle

opposes the thumb

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Muscle

abducts the thumb

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle

flexes the thumb

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, especiallly of the median nerve

paresthesia in the lateral palmar hand, weakness in thumb opposition and adbuction (reduced grip strength), can lead to thenar eminence wasting when most severe

Hypothenar Compartment

Hypothenar Compartment Innervation

ulnar nerve

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Adductor Compartment

Adductor Compartment Innervation

ulnar nerve

Adductor Pollicis Muscle

Interosseous Compartment

Interosseous Compartment Innervation

ulnar nerve

Palmar Interossei Muscles

Dorsal Interossei Muscles

Actions of Interossei Muscles

PAD: adduct 2, 4, 5

DAB: abduct 2, 3, 4

Central Compartment

Lumbricals Muscles

Central Compartment/Lumbricals Innervation

lateral ½ = median nerve

medial ½ = ulnar nerve

Lumbricals Muscles Actions

flex mcp of digits 2-5

extend at pip and dip joints fo digits 2-5

Extensor Expansions