General Biology: Homeostasis, Organ Systems & Hormone Signaling Flashcards | Quizlet

What hormone causes the uterus to contract during childbirth?

Oxytocin

What triggers the release of oxytocin during childbirth?

Stretching of the cervix

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?

To activate cooling and heating mechanisms

What happens to blood vessels in the skin during cooling?

They dilate

What is the response of blood vessels in the skin during heating?

They constrict

What are the main components of the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and other hormone-secreting glands

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

To produce offspring

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

Coordination of body activities

What is the role of insulin in the body?

To regulate blood glucose levels

What is the pathway of water-soluble hormones?

Hormone binds to receptor, activates G protein, stimulates adenylyl cyclase, produces cAMP, activates protein kinases

What is the function of protein kinases in hormone signaling?

To phosphorylate target proteins, leading to a cellular response

What are metabolic waste products?

Substances that are excreted from the body as a result of metabolism

What is the function of the circulatory system?

To transport nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body

What are the main components of the immune system?

White blood cells, lymph nodes, and other organs involved in immune response

What is the role of the integumentary system?

To protect the body and regulate temperature

What is the significance of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?

It regulates body temperature and other homeostatic processes

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food and absorb nutrients

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the role of the excretory system?

To remove waste products from the body

In the water-soluble hormone pathway, what does the hormone bind to initially?

Receptor

In the water-soluble hormone pathway, what does the G protein do once activated?

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase

In the pathway of water-soluble hormones, what second messenger molecule is produced by adenylyl cyclase?

cAMP

What molecules are activated by cAMP in the water-soluble hormone pathway?

Protein kinases

What is the cellular outcome of target protein phosphorylation by protein kinases?

A cellular response

Which organ system is tasked with both protecting the body and regulating temperature?

Integumentary system