________- domed monument that included a relic of buddha or scenes from his teachings.
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Mahayana
________- more mystical; some have declared buddha divine.
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Vajrayana
________- practiced mostly in tibet; makes mandala art made of sand; yoga and meditation.
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Arthashastra
________- how to rule handbook for rulers in muryan empire.
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Xuanzang
________- known was traveling widely and gathering untranslated texts and translating them into chinese.
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Bodhisattva
________- people who have achieved all but enlightenment; stop being reincarnated; stay on earth to help other people on path to enlightenment.
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Covenant
________- a promise with god that said that the jews were gods chosen people.
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Orissa
________- spirits who possessed people to deliver messages.
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Brahma
________- god who is the life giving force of the universe.
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Dhamma
________ (Dharma)- helps you end up where you should and is good for community; responsibilites.
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Shiva
________- deity that represents destruction.
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Chandragupta II he
________ expanded the gupta empire; patron of the arts- helped promote hinduism.
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Animism
________- see the world as ________, spirits inhabiting everything.
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Rock
________ and Pillar Edicts- where the laws of mauryan, mixed moral and law ideas, shared buddhist philosphy; were written by ashoka.
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Theravada
________- the way of the ancestors; following buddhists examples as closely as possible; argued as a philosophy.
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Kumarajiva
________- lived in 300- 400 CE; buddhist translator who clarified ideas and made buddhist texts more accessible.
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Ashoka king
________ who spread buddhism throughout asia; ruler of the mauryan empire- 268- 232; saw a rebellion against his empire where his people killed people and started to spread buddhism and follow its principle.
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CE
Sogdians- 300- 700 ________, lived around modern tajikistan and uzbekistan.
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Vishnu
________- deity that represents existence /growth.
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Mahabharata
________*- one of the epics.
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Complex Monotheism
________- one god who appears in different forms.
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Bhagavad Gita
________*- most famous part of the Mahabharata.
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Semitic
________- what jewish and arab people are referred to as; descendants of shem.
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Sangha
________- buddhas close group- like jesus disciples.
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kushan empire
Kanishka the Great- one of the rulers of the ________; devout buddhist; built stupas.
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Siddhartha Gautama
________- person who started buddhism; buddha.
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Ramayana
________*- meant to be inspiring; looked at during times of adversary because characters face a lot of challenges.
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Buddha
________- started Buddhism, awoke by realizing everyone is united by suffering.
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Hinduism
________- very decentralized religion; when mixed with brahmanism.
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Syncretism
________- the mixing of religions.
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Diaspora jews
________ exiled from rome for thousands of years.
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Maya
________- illusion of separation of brahman and atman.
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Brahman
________- world, spirit, reality truth.
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Kami
________- name of spirits in shinto religion.
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Polytheism
________- many gods.
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Brahmanism
________- religion from central asia; turns into hinduism; agricultural structured developed from vedic religion.
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Samsara reincarnation you
________ want out to live with brahma.
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Israel
________- the name of the country for jews,
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Babylonian Exile
________- period after conquest of babylonians; period after israel and judah conquered.
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Karma
________- moral cause and effect- do the right thing- do dharma to get good karma.
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Hebrew Bible
________- the torah that has jewish history and teachings; first five books of the bible.
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Maurya Empire
________- unified india; shaundragupta founded it; fell because of treasury; had spy network; large military; civil laws to govern traders and merchants; had centralized government.
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Brahma
________- deity that represents birth.
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Stupa
domed monument that included a relic of buddha or scenes from his teachings
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Xuanzang
known was traveling widely and gathering untranslated texts and translating them into chinese
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Achaemenids/Achaemenid Dynasty
line of hereditary rulers
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Cyrus II
king who founded achaemenid dynasty
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Darius
king in persia, claimed he was appointed by ahura mazda
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Infantry
foot soldiers
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Light Cavalry
lightly armored soldiers with bow and arrow on horseback
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Heavy Cavalry
large horses used to carry a fully armored soldier with heavy weapons
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Mercenary
soldiers you can hire to fight in your army
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Persepolis
capital city constructed under darius, place were ceremonies would be held
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Ahura Mazda
god in persian society
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Qanats
underground irrigation system still in use in iraq today
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Land spearer
military bodyguard; darius was one
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History
events that took place after written records were introduced
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Prehistory
events that took place before written records
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Anthropology
the study of past humans and human society
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Archaeology
study of past humans and human society using remains
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Radiocarbon Dating
it can be used for fossils up to 50,000 years old. Its the ratio between carbon
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Stratigraphic Dating
the study of strata and the decay to find out how old it is
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Homo Sapiens
modern humans
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Paleolithic Era
old stone age when language came round
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Creation Story
a story that tells how humans were created
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Oral Tradition
knowledge or stories passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth (customs, history, spiritual beliefs)
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Neolithic Revolution
the birth of agriculture/new stone age(polished stone tools)
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Pastoralism
lifestyle; people who domesticate and herd animals
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Domestication
trained wild animals (raising them for their own benefits)
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Agrarian Society
societies that mostly depended on farming
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City
contains tens of thousands
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State
several cities plus surrounding villages
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Civilization
large territories of cities and farmland ruled by a single person
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Complex Societies
large concentrations of people that made more complex societies
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“complex societies or civilizations, which share many features, including having a dense population, an agriculture
based economy, a social hierarchy, a division of labor and specialization, a centralized government, monuments, record
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Surplus food
extra food
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Intensification
many more people could be sustained in an area because they were getting more calories
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zoonotic disease
a disease that jumps from animals to humans
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City states
“self
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Nile River
river in egypt
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Divine kingship
a ruler was placed by gods or was an embodiment of a god
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Hieroglyphics
”writing that used images to express sounds and meanings”
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Irrigation
water system used for agriculture
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Monumental architecture
great pyramid or sphinx, made to inspire awe and project power
Studied by 18 people
