Exam 1 Research and Analysis

Correlation

How does x correlate with y not causative

Deviation

Away from a mean or bench mark

Ranking

Relationships between different relation

What countries do the most

Distribution

Univarient

Age group amount a population

Composition

Pie graphs

% and proportions

Change

Time as x axis changes through time

Group

Phylogenetic trees

Spatial

Data across space

Summary

Descriptive quantification of the sample

Inferential

Using characteristics of the sample to infer something about the population

Central tendency

Mean median mode

Dispersion

Variance standard deviation

Variance

How far individual data points from the average

Standard deviation squared

Standard deviation

Square root of variance

Standard error

How accurate sample mean estimates population mean

P-value

Probability of seeing an effect at least as strong as what is observed in the data assuming the null hypothesis is true

Type 1 error

Reject to the null when results are truly due to random chance

What to do if p-value is less than 0.05

You would reject the null hypothesis