Chapter 15: The Female Reproductive System, Pregnancy and Birth

Vocabulary review covering terms, roots, clinical conditions, and abbreviations related to the female reproductive system, pregnancy, and childbirth from Chapter 15.

Clitoris

Female erectile tissue.

Myometrium

Muscle layer of the uterus.

Oviduct

Fallopian tube.

Ovulation

Release of an egg from the ovary.

Vulva

External female genitalia.

Metrorrhea

Abnormal uterine discharge.

Panhysterectomy

Surgical removal of the entire uterus.

Metratrophia

Wasting of uterine tissue.

Gynecogenic

Producing female characteristics.

Menostasis

Suppression of menstruation.

Chorion

Outermost layer of the embryo.

Gestation

Period of development in the uterus.

Zygote

Fertilized egg.

Amnion

Sac that holds the fetus.

Parturition

Childbirth.

Oxytocin

Hormone that stimulates labor.

Neonate

Newborn.

Dystocia

Difficult or abnormal labor.

Agalactia

Lack of milk production.

Colostrum

First breast fluid.

Mutation

Change in the genetic material.

Karyotype

Picture of the chromosomes used for diagnosis.

Eclampsia

Condition associated with hypertension during pregnancy.

Rubella

German measles.

Atresia

Congenital absence of a normal body opening.

Cul-de-sac

Rectouterine pouch.

Fornix

Space between the vagina and cervix.

Dyspareunia

Pain during intercourse.

Fibroid

Leiomyoma.

Leukorrhea

Whitish vaginal discharge.

Hymen

Membrane that covers the opening of the vagina.

Speculum

Instrument used to enlarge an opening for examination.

Vestibule

Space between the labia.

Menarche

Start of menstrual cycles.

Areola

A pigmented ring around the nipple.

Meconium

First feces of the newborn.

Lochia

Uterine discharge after childbirth.

Puerperium

Period after childbirth.

Fontanel

Soft spot between cranial bones.

Umbilicus

Navel or belly button.

Ovary

The female gonad (sex gland).

Graafian Follicle

Ovarian structure that encloses a developing ovum.

Endometrium

The inner lining of the uterus.

Parametritis

Inflammation of the tissue near the uterus.

Polymastia

The presence of more than one pair of mammary glands/breasts.

Placenta

The tissue that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus.

Lactation

The secretion of milk from the mammary glands.

Miscarriage

Loss of an embryo or fetus before $20\text{ weeks}$ or $500\,g$.

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding or spotting of the uterus.

Retrouterine

Located between the rectum and the uterus.

Hysteropathy

Disease affecting the uterus.

Colpostenosis

Narrowing of the vagina.

Pyosalpinx

Pus-filled fallopian tube.

Anovulatory

Pertaining to the absence of egg release.

Inframammary

Located below the mammary gland.

Congenital

Disorder present at or before birth.

Prenatal

Occurring or existing before birth.

Extraembryonic

Located beyond the embryo body.

Multigravida

A woman who has been pregnant multiple times.

Tripara

A woman who has given birth three times.

Teratogenic

Substance or agent that disrupts fetal development.

Hysterostenosis

Narrowing of the uterus.

Episioplasty

Plastic repair of the vulva.

Mammogram

Radiographic study of the breast.

Salpingocele

Hernia of an oviduct.

Transcervical

Through the cervix.

Amniorrhexis

Rupture of the amniotic sac.

Fetoscopy

Direct examination of a fetus.

Eutocia

Normal labor (the opposite of dystocia).

TAH

Total abdominal hysterectomy.

FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone.

DUB

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

HRT

Hormone replacement therapy.

PDA

Patent ductus arteriosus.

HCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin.

GA

Gestational age.

FHR

Fetal heart rate.

VBAC

Vaginal birth after cesarean section.

Gynecomastia

State of having female-like breasts (in males); composed of gynec/o (female), mast/o (breast), and -ia (condition/state of being).

Oxytocia

Quick childbirth; composed of oxy- (sharp, acute, rapid), toc (labor, delivery), and -ia (condition).

Oligohydramnios

Condition of too little amniotic fluid surrounding the baby; composed of oligo- (few, scant), hydr/o (fluid), and amnio(s) (amniotic sac/fluid).